Consider the following rivers : 1. Brahmani 2. Nagavali 3. Subarnarekha 4. Vamsadhara Which of the above rise from the Eastern Ghats?

States the Brahmani is formed by the confluence of the Koel and Sankh rivers at Rourkela and drains the western parts of the Garhjat Hills — implying its main source is a confluence rather than a single spring on a ghats range.

A student can locate Rourkela and the Garhjat Hills on a map to see whether those confluence locations lie within the Eastern Ghats zone.

Gives a general rule that most peninsular rivers originate in the Western Ghats and flow eastwards to the Bay of Bengal, distinguishing typical origins of major rivers.

Use this rule with the Brahmani's eastward flow to check whether its tributaries more likely rise in Western Ghats or in nearby eastern highlands like the Garhjat/Eastern Ghats.

Describes the Eastern Ghats' extent and lists ranges and peaks in Odisha (Koraput, Mahendragiri, etc.), providing geographic landmarks in the region where Brahmani/its tributaries might originate.

Compare the locations of the Koel and Sankh headwaters with these named Eastern Ghats ranges on a regional map to judge if they lie in those hills.

Notes that most peninsular rivers have origin in the Western Ghats but also that Eastern Ghats are 'highly eroded by rivers such as the Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri' — indicating the Eastern Ghats are traversed/dissected by rivers and sometimes source streams.

A student can infer that while some tributaries may rise in the Eastern Ghats, one should check whether Koel/Sankh are among those exceptions by mapping their headwaters.

States the Eastern Ghats form the eastern boundary of the Deccan Plateau and gives elevations and locations (including between Mahanadi and Godavari), helping place the Garhjat/Eastern Ghats relative to Odisha where Brahmani flows.

Use these geographic boundaries to assess whether the confluence at Rourkela and the Koel/Sankh headwaters fall within the Eastern Ghats physiographic zone.

Describes the Eastern Ghats as discontinuous, lower hills that are 'dissected by rivers draining into the Bay of Bengal'—establishing that some rivers originate or cut through these ranges.

A student could check a map to see if Nagavali lies on the eastern side of the Deccan and whether its headwaters coincide with one of the Eastern Ghats ranges.

States that most peninsular rivers originate in the Western Ghats but also notes the Eastern Ghats are 'highly eroded by the rivers' (listing Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri) — implying some rivers have sources or upper courses associated with Eastern Ghats fragments.

Use a physical map to locate Nagavali's basin relative to Western and Eastern Ghats to infer which range could host its source.

Provides explicit examples (Indravati and Sabri) of streams that 'rise on the western slopes of the Eastern Ghats,' showing that rivers do originate from the Eastern Ghats in at least some cases.

Compare Nagavali's origin location to those named rivers (on maps) to see if Nagavali's headwaters similarly lie on Eastern Ghats slopes.

Notes the Eastern Ghats form the eastern boundary of the Deccan Plateau and lists specific ranges (Nallamalai, Palkonda, etc.) — useful for locating likely source areas for east-flowing rivers.

Identify whether Nagavali's headwaters align with any named Eastern Ghats subrange on a regional map.

Explains the Western Ghats form the main water divide and that major peninsular rivers flow eastwards into the Bay of Bengal—gives a rule about typical river origins and flow directions in the peninsula.

Apply this rule with a map: if Nagavali flows east into the Bay of Bengal and its basin is east of the main divide, check whether its source is on Eastern Ghats fragments rather than the Western Ghats.

Gives a general rule that most rivers of peninsular India originate in the Western Ghats and flow eastwards toward the Bay of Bengal.

A student could use this rule plus a map showing Subarnarekha's course to see whether its source lies on the Western Ghats or elsewhere (thus making an Eastern Ghats origin less likely).

States the Western Ghats form the main water divide and that most major peninsular rivers (Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri) flow eastward from them.

Compare the list/locations of major east‑flowing rivers with the geographic position of Subarnarekha on a map to infer whether it follows the same Western‑Ghats origin pattern or is an exception.

Reinforces the pattern that large peninsular rivers generally originate near the Western Ghats, with Narmada/Tapi as noted exceptions.

Using this pattern, a student could classify Subarnarekha as likely following the common Western‑Ghats origin pattern unless local geography (map) shows it originates in a different upland such as the Eastern Ghats or the plateau interior.

Describes the Eastern Ghats as lower, broken, and forming the eastern boundary of the Deccan Plateau—implying they are less commonly the source of major continuous river systems than the Western Ghats.

A student could use this characteristic plus the river's headwater location on a map to judge whether an origin in the fragmented Eastern Ghats is plausible.

Gives an example of some streams (Indravati, Sabri) that do originate on slopes of the Eastern Ghats, showing that Eastern Ghats can be sources for some rivers.

A student could use this example to note that Eastern Ghats origins are possible but relatively specific; then check whether Subarnarekha's source shares similar local geography (using a map or regional facts).

Gives the general pattern that the Eastern Ghats stretch along the eastern coast and are dissected by rivers that drain into the Bay of Bengal.

A student could locate Vamsadhara on a map of east‑flowing rivers and see whether its headwaters lie in the Eastern Ghats band described here.

States the widespread rule that most peninsular rivers originate in the Western Ghats and flow eastwards to the Bay of Bengal.

This rule suggests checking whether Vamsadhara is one of the exceptions that originate in the Eastern Ghats rather than the more common Western Ghats origin.

Lists important ranges (e.g., Javadi, Palconda, Nallamala, Mahendragiri) as part of the Eastern Ghats and notes these hills are sources/are eroded by rivers.

By comparing the river's source coordinates to these named Eastern Ghats ranges on a map, a student could judge whether Vamsadhara rises in those hills.

Gives an explicit example that some streams (Indravati and Sabri) rise on the western slopes of the Eastern Ghats, showing rivers can originate there.

Use this example to argue it is plausible for other rivers (like Vamsadhara) to have headwaters in Eastern Ghats; verify by locating Vamsadhara's headwaters relative to the Ghats.

Describes the Eastern Ghats' geographic extent (from Mahanadi to Nilgiris) and variable elevations, providing the regional frame where eastern rivers may arise.

A student could place Vamsadhara within this east‑coast corridor on a map to see if its source falls inside the Eastern Ghats extent given here.