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Q2 (IAS/2021) History & Culture › National Movement (1857–1947) › Social reform movements Official Key

Consider the following statements : 1. The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 recommended granting voting rights to all the women above the age of 21. 2. The Government of India Act of 1935 gave women reserved seats in legislature. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Result
Your answer: —  Âˇ  Correct: B
Explanation

The correct answer is Option 2.

Statement 1 is incorrect: The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms (Government of India Act, 1919) did not grant universal adult suffrage or direct voting rights to all women over 21. Instead, it allowed provincial legislatures the discretion to decide on female enfranchisement. While some provinces subsequently granted limited voting rights, these were strictly based on restrictive criteria like property ownership, education, and tax-paying status, rather than age alone.

Statement 2 is correct: The Government of India Act of 1935 significantly expanded the political representation of marginalized groups. It introduced the principle of "Separate Electorates" and provided reserved seats for women in both the Federal and Provincial legislatures to ensure their participation in the legislative process. It also further extended the franchise to women based on literacy and being the wife of a voter, though universal suffrage was only achieved after Independence.

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Don’t just practise – reverse-engineer the question. This panel shows where this PYQ came from (books / web), how the examiner broke it into hidden statements, and which nearby micro-concepts you were supposed to learn from it. Treat it like an autopsy of the question: what might have triggered it, which exact lines in the book matter, and what linked ideas you should carry forward to future questions.
Q. Consider the following statements : 1. The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 recommended granting voting rights to all the women above t…
At a glance
Origin: Mixed / unclear origin Fairness: Moderate fairness Books / CA: 5/10 ¡ 0/10
You're seeing a guest preview. The Verdict and first statement analysis are open. Login with Google to unlock all tabs.

Statement 1 is a classic 'Extreme Word' trap ('all women') combined with historical anachronism. Statement 2 is a direct fact found in standard texts like Spectrum (Chapter 26). The question rewards those who track the specific evolution of franchise rather than just memorizing 'Dyarchy' or 'Bicameralism'.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Did the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 recommend granting voting rights to all women above the age of 21 in India?
Origin: Weak / unclear Fairness: Borderline / guessy
Indirect textbook clues
Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 92: World Constitutions > 2021 TEST PAPER > p. 760
Strength: 4/5
“~2021 TEST PAPER 1. Consider the f01l0win g statements: • 1. The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 recommended granting voting rights to all the women above the age of 21. • 2. The Government of India Act of 1935 gave women reserved seats in legislature. Which of the statements given above is/ are correct? • Ca) I only • (b) 2 only • Ce) Both I and 2 • Cd) Neither 1 nor 2 2. We adopted parliamentary democracy based on the British model, but how does our model differ from that model? • 1. As regards legislation, the British Parliament is supreme or sovereign but in India, the power of the Parliament to legislate is limited. • 2.”
Why relevant

This snippet records the exact claim as a test statement used in a standard polity text, indicating the claim is a known historical proposition subject to verification.

How to extend

A student could treat this as a hypothesis to check against primary descriptions of the 1919 Act or contemporary franchise schedules.

Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 1: Historical Background > Government of India Act of 1919 > p. 6
Strength: 5/5
“On August 20, 1917, the British Government declared, for the first time, that its objective was the gradual introduction of responsible government in India뀜. The Government of India Act of 1919 was thus enacted, which came into force in 1921. This act is also known as Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms (Montagu was the Secretary of State for India and Lord Chelmsford was the Viceroy of India).”
Why relevant

Identifies the Government of India Act, 1919 as the product of the Montagu‑Chelmsford Reforms and situates it as an act that enacted substantive constitutional changes.

How to extend

A student can use this to focus search on the 1919 Act’s provisions (electoral/ franchise clauses) to see whether women's suffrage at age 21 was included.

Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 26: Constitutional, Administrative and Judicial Developments > Government of India Act, 1919 > p. 509
Strength: 4/5
“This Act was based on what are popularly known as the Montague-Chelmsford Reforms. In August 1917, the British government for the first time declared that its objective was to gradually introduce responsible government in India, but as an integral part of the British Empire. The Act of 1919, clarified that there would be only a gradual development of self-governing institutions in India and that the British Parliament—and not self-determination of the people of India—would determine the time and manner of each step along the path of constitutional progress. ● Under the 1919 Act, the Indian Legislative Council at the Centre was replaced by a bicameral system consisting of a Council of State (Upper House) and a Legislative Assembly (Lower House).”
Why relevant

Notes structural changes (e.g., bicameral legislature) introduced by the 1919 Act, implying the Act dealt with legislative composition and therefore potentially with electoral/ franchise arrangements.

How to extend

A student could examine how the Act defined elector qualifications for the new Council/Assembly to infer whether women above 21 were enfranchised.

Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 4: Salient Features of the Constitution > IfJ I Universal Adult Franchise > p. 32
Strength: 3/5
“The Indian Constitution adopts universal adult franchise as a basis of elections (Q the Lok Sabha and the state legislative assemblies. Every citizen who is not less than 18 years of age has a right to vote without any discrimination of caste, race, religion, sex, literacy, wealth and so on. The voting age was reduced to 18 years from 21 years in 1989 by the 61st Constitutional Amendment Act of 1988. The introduction of universal adult franchise by the Constitution-makers was a bold experiment and highly remarkable in view of the vast size of the country, its huge population, high poverty, social inequality and over-whelming illiteracy.”
Why relevant

States that prior to 1988 the voting age in India was 21, showing a historical norm of a 21‑year voting age which can be a baseline when assessing earlier reforms.

How to extend

A student might combine this with the 1919 Act focus to ask whether the 1919 provisions used a 21‑year threshold and whether that applied to women as well.

Statement analysis

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SIMILAR QUESTIONS

CDS-I ¡ 2002 ¡ Q20 Relevance score: 4.12

Consider the following statements: The objective of the Montague- Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 was 1. To give more power to the local government 2. To establish dyarchy in the provinces 3. The extension of provincial government Which of these statements are correct?

CAPF ¡ 2010 ¡ Q104 Relevance score: 3.25

Which of the following statements about the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms is/are correct ? 1. It was approved by King George V. 2. It made the Central Legislature bicameral. 3. The Act explicitly mentioned the appointment of three Indian members to the Council. Select the correct answer using the code given below :

CDS-I ¡ 2003 ¡ Q65 Relevance score: 1.25

Assertion(A): The Government of India Act, 1919 was passed by the British Parliament to introduce 'Diarchy' in the provincial government. Reason (R) : Montague-Chelmsford Reforms Committee had recommended the introduction of 'Diarchy' in the provincial government.

IAS ¡ 2004 ¡ Q28 Relevance score: 0.50

The Montague-Chelmsford Report formed the basis of:

CDS-I ¡ 2022 ¡ Q94 Relevance score: 0.15

The provision for separate electorate for Muslims was given in