Question map
Not attempted Correct Incorrect ★ Bookmarked
Loading…
Q66 (IAS/2021) Polity & Governance › Federalism & Emergency Provisions › Indian federalism features Official Key

Which one of the following in Indian polity is an essential feature that indicates that it is federal in character?

Result
Your answer: —  ·  Correct: A
Explanation

The correct answer is Option 1.

In a federal system, the division of powers between the Centre and the States is enshrined in a written Constitution. To maintain this division and settle disputes arising between these two levels of government, an independent and impartial judiciary is indispensable. The independence of the judiciary ensures that the "umpire" of the federal structure can prevent any overreach by either the Union or the States, thereby safeguarding the federal equilibrium.

  • Option 2 is incorrect because while the Rajya Sabha represents States, the mere presence of elected representatives does not define federalism; many unitary systems also have representative legislatures.
  • Option 3 refers to a political practice (coalition politics) rather than a constitutional structural requirement for federalism.
  • Option 4 is a feature of constitutionalism and democracy aimed at protecting individual liberty, rather than a specific indicator of the federal distribution of power.
How others answered
Each bar shows the % of students who chose that option. Green bar = correct answer, blue outline = your choice.
Community Performance
Out of everyone who attempted this question.
50%
got it right
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Full view
Don’t just practise – reverse-engineer the question. This panel shows where this PYQ came from (books / web), how the examiner broke it into hidden statements, and which nearby micro-concepts you were supposed to learn from it. Treat it like an autopsy of the question: what might have triggered it, which exact lines in the book matter, and what linked ideas you should carry forward to future questions.
Q. Which one of the following in Indian polity is an essential feature that indicates that it is federal in character? [A] The independence…
At a glance
Origin: Books + Current Affairs Fairness: Moderate fairness Books / CA: 7.5/10 · 2.5/10

This is a classic 'Concept Clarity' check. It moves beyond rote memorization of features to understanding the *functional necessity* of federalism. The question forces you to distinguish between a 'political trend' (Option C), a 'general democratic right' (Option D), and the 'structural umpire' (Option A) that makes federalism legally possible.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
In the Indian polity, is the independence of the judiciary an essential feature indicating that it is federal in character?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 5: NATURE OF THE FEDERAL SYSTEM > NATURE OF THE FEDERAL SYSTEM > p. 59
Presence: 5/5
“whether it belongs to the Federation or to the component States, is subordinate to and controlled by the Constitution. • (iv) Authority of Courts. In a Federal State, the legal supremacy of the Constitution is essential to the existence of the federal system. It is essential to maintain the division of powers not only between the coordinate branches of the government, but also between the Federal Government and the States themselves The Supreme Court has observed that the Indian Constitution is basically federal in form and is marked by the traditional characteristics of a federal system, namely, supremacy of the Constitution, division of power between the Union and the States and existence of an independent judiciary.”
Why this source?
  • Explicitly lists existence of an independent judiciary as a traditional characteristic of a federal system.
  • Connects independent judiciary to supremacy of the Constitution and the maintenance of division of powers between Union and States.
Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 4: Salient Features of the Constitution > 4. Federal System with Unitary Bias > p. 29
Presence: 4/5
“features of a federal system, viz., two governments, division of powers, written Constitution, supremacy of Constitution, rigidity of Constitution, independent judiciary and bicameralism. However, the Indian Constitution also contains many unitary or non-federal features, viz., a strong Centre, single Constitution, single citizenship, flexibility of Constitution, integrated judiciary, appointment of state governor by the Centre, India services, emergency provisions and so on. Moreover, the term 'Federation' has nowhere been used in the Constitution. Article 1, on the other hand, describes India as a 'Union of States', which implies two things: one, the Indian Federation is not the result of an agreement by the states; and two, no state has the right to secede from the federation.”
Why this source?
  • Identifies independent judiciary among the core features of a federal system in the Indian constitutional context.
  • Also highlights the Indian Constitution's mix of federal features with unitary elements, providing necessary nuance.
Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 26: Supreme Court > INDEPENDENCE OF SUPREME COURT > p. 289
Presence: 4/5
“t INDEPENDENCE OF SUPREME COURT The Supreme Court has been assigned a very significant role in the Indian political system. It is a federal court, the highest court of appeal, the guarantor of the fundamental rights of the citizens and guardian of the Constitution. Therefore, its independence becomes very essential for the effective discharge of the duties assigned to it. It should be free from encroachments, pressures and interferences of the executive (Council of Ministers) and the Legislature (Parliament). The Constitution has made the following provisions to safeguard and ensure the independent and impartial functioning of the Supreme Court: 1.”
Why this source?
  • Describes the Supreme Court as a federal court and says its independence is very essential for discharging federal duties.
  • Emphasises safeguards for judicial independence to enable the Court's role as guardian of the Constitution and federal balance.
Statement 2
In the Indian polity, is representation of constituent units in the Union Legislature an essential feature indicating that it is federal in character?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 12: The Union Legislature > p. 243
Presence: 5/5
“The Council of States thus reflects a federal character by representing the Units of the federation. But it does not follow the American principle of equality of State representation in the Second Chamber. In India, the number of representatives of the States to the Council of States varies from 1 (Nagaland) to 31 (Uttar Pradesh). Composition of the The House of the People has a variegated composition. House of the People.”
Why this source?
  • Explicitly asserts the Council of States reflects federal character by representing the federation's units.
  • Directly links representation in the upper house (Rajya Sabha) to federal nature, despite unequal state representation.
Indian Constitution at Work, Political Science Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: FEDERALISM > SPECIAL PROVISIONS > p. 170
Presence: 4/5
“The most extra-ordinary feature of the federal arrangement created in India is that many States get a differential treatment. We have already noted in the chapter on Legislature that the size and population of each State being different, an asymmetrical representation is provided in the Rajya Sabha. While ensuring minimum representation to each of the smaller States, this arrangement also ensures that larger States would get more representation. In the case of division of powers, too, the Constitution provides a division of powers that is common to all the States. And yet, the Constitution has some special provisions for some States given their peculiar social and historical circumstances.”
Why this source?
  • Describes asymmetrical representation in the Rajya Sabha that ensures both minimum representation for smaller states and greater representation for larger states.
  • Confirms that the upper house's composition is designed to represent constituent units, reinforcing its federal role.
Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 16: India–Political Aspects > Geographical Bases of India Federalism > p. 10
Presence: 3/5
“The constitution of India is basically federal in character but incorporates certain unitary features arising out of the special conditions under which it was born. The constitution satisfies all the essential conditions of a federal form of polity, such as: (i) dual government, (ii) distribution of powers between the Centre and the states, (iii) supremacy of the Constitution, and (iv) authority of the courts as the final interpreter of the Constitution. In fact, Indian federalism is unique in the sense that here federation has been created by granting guaranteed constitutional authority to the previously sub-ordinate regional governments in the Provinces.”
Why this source?
  • States the Constitution satisfies essential conditions of a federal polity, framing the context in which representative institutions (like the Union Legislature) express federal character.
  • Identifies core federal features (dual government, distribution of powers) that representation in the Union Legislature helps manifest.
Statement 3
In the Indian polity, is the Union Cabinet's inclusion of elected representatives from regional parties an essential feature indicating that it is federal in character?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"Overall, the institutional expression of federal or centralized structures in political parties would not seem to have been a major independent factor in shaping India’s federal system."
Why this source?
  • Directly states that the institutional expression of federal or centralized structures in political parties has not been a major independent factor shaping India’s federal system — implying party composition (including regional parties) is not an essential indicator of federal character.
  • Emphasizes that other institutional layers (e.g., bureaucracy) and constitutional arrangements matter to federal structure, not merely party-level representation.
Web source
Presence: 4/5
"the country is governed by a Council of Ministers headed by a prime minister, which consists of elected representatives of the people (members of Parliament) belonging to the ruling political party (or parties, in the case of a ruling coalition) and responsible to Parliament."
Why this source?
  • Explains the Council of Ministers consists of elected representatives (members of Parliament) belonging to the ruling political party or parties in the case of a ruling coalition — showing inclusion of regional party members can reflect coalition politics.
  • By framing this as a feature of parliamentary/coalition governance, it indicates such inclusion is a political practice rather than a constitutional marker of federalism.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 16: India–Political Aspects > Geographical Bases of India Federalism > p. 10
Strength: 4/5
“The constitution of India is basically federal in character but incorporates certain unitary features arising out of the special conditions under which it was born. The constitution satisfies all the essential conditions of a federal form of polity, such as: (i) dual government, (ii) distribution of powers between the Centre and the states, (iii) supremacy of the Constitution, and (iv) authority of the courts as the final interpreter of the Constitution. In fact, Indian federalism is unique in the sense that here federation has been created by granting guaranteed constitutional authority to the previously sub-ordinate regional governments in the Provinces.”
Why relevant

States that the Constitution 'is basically federal in character' and lists essential federal features (dual government, distribution of powers) which define what makes a polity federal.

How to extend

A student could compare cabinet composition (presence of regional-party ministers) against those constitutional federal features to judge whether cabinet inclusion is a constitutional/structural federal indicator or a political/contingent practice.

Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 5: NATURE OF THE FEDERAL SYSTEM > India, a Union of States. ARTICLE 1(1) of our Constitution says-“India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States.” > p. 58
Strength: 5/5
“towards the question of federalism is, therefore. inevitable particularly in view of the fact that recent experiments in the world of Constitution-making are departing more and more from the 'pure' type of either unitary or a federal system. Indian Constitution To anticipate the author's conclusion, the constitutional system of India is basically federal. but of course with unitary features. In order to come to this conclusion, we have to formulate the essential minimal features of a federal system as to which there is common agreement amongst political scientists. Essential features of a Federal polity. While there may be difference amongst scholars in matters of detail, the consensus is that a federal system involves the following essential features: (i) Dual Government.”
Why relevant

Gives a general checklist of 'essential features of a federal system' (e.g., dual government) — a rule-set for identifying federal character.

How to extend

Use this checklist to test whether cabinet representation of regional-party MPs fits any 'essential feature' (it more likely reflects political practice than a listed constitutional requirement).

Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 14: Federal System > CRITICAL EVALUATION OF THE FEDERAL SYSTEM > p. 142
Strength: 4/5
“system as "extremely federal". Morris Jones termed it as a "bargaining federalism". Ivor Jennings<sup>10</sup> has described it as a "federation with a strong centralising tendency". He observed that "the Indian Constitution is mainly federal with unique safeguards for enforcing national unity and growth". Alexandrowicz<sup>11</sup> stated that "India is a case sui generis (i.e., unique in character). Granville Austin<sup>12</sup> called the Indian federalism as a "cooperative federalism" On the nature of the Indian Constitution, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar made the following observation in the Constituent Assembly: "The Constitution is a Federal Constitution in as much as it establishes a dual polity. The Union is not a league of states, united in a loose relationship, nor are the states the agencies of the Union, deriving powers from it.”
Why relevant

Describes Indian federalism as 'bargaining' or 'cooperative' with a 'strong centralising tendency' — implying political arrangements (like coalition cabinets) are part of how federalism operates in India.

How to extend

A student could treat inclusion of regional-party representatives as an example of bargaining/cooperative federalism and check historical cabinet coalitions to see if this is a recurring political mechanism rather than a constitutional necessity.

Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 79: Role of Regional Parties > Role of Regional Parties > p. 569
Strength: 4/5
“The presence of a large number of regional parties is an important feature of the Indian Political System. They have come to playa vital role in Indian politics at all levels, i.e. local, state and national. This is more so in the context of the new era of coalition politics.”
Why relevant

Notes the 'presence of a large number of regional parties' and their vital role at state and national levels, especially in coalition politics.

How to extend

Given regional parties' national relevance, a student could map periods of coalition governments to instances when regional-party MPs entered the Union Cabinet to infer correlation (political cause) vs constitutional requirement.

Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 78: Political Parties > Emergence of Regional Parties > p. 566
Strength: 4/5
“Another significant feature of the Indian party system is the emergence of a large number of regional parties and their growing role. They have become the ruling parties in various states. In the beginning, they were confined to the regional politics only. But, later, they have come to play a significant role in national politics due to coalition governments at the center.”
Why relevant

Explains the emergence of regional parties and their shift from state to national importance due to coalition governments — a pattern linking regional-party strength to national cabinet inclusion.

How to extend

A student might compare election results and cabinet lists across time to see whether regional-party inclusion follows their state-level power and coalition arithmetic, supporting the idea that cabinet inclusion is political, not an essential constitutional federal feature.

Statement 4
In the Indian polity, are Fundamental Rights being enforceable by courts an essential feature indicating that it is federal in character?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 5: NATURE OF THE FEDERAL SYSTEM > NATURE OF THE FEDERAL SYSTEM > p. 59
Presence: 5/5
“whether it belongs to the Federation or to the component States, is subordinate to and controlled by the Constitution. • (iv) Authority of Courts. In a Federal State, the legal supremacy of the Constitution is essential to the existence of the federal system. It is essential to maintain the division of powers not only between the coordinate branches of the government, but also between the Federal Government and the States themselves The Supreme Court has observed that the Indian Constitution is basically federal in form and is marked by the traditional characteristics of a federal system, namely, supremacy of the Constitution, division of power between the Union and the States and existence of an independent judiciary.”
Why this source?
  • Explicitly identifies authority of the courts as an essential feature of a Federal State needed to maintain division of powers.
  • Links legal supremacy of the Constitution and an independent judiciary to the existence of a federal system.
Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 8: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES > CHAP. 81 > p. 151
Presence: 5/5
“The Indian Constitution lays down the following provisions for the enforcement of the Fundamental Rights guaranteed by the Constitution, in the light of the above experience: (a) The Fundamental Rights are guaranteed by the Constitution not only against the action of the Executive but also against that of the Legislature. Any act of the Executive or of the Legislature which takes away or abridges any of these rights shall be void and the courts are empowered to declare it as void [Article 13].”
Why this source?
  • States that Fundamental Rights are guaranteed against Executive and Legislature and that courts are empowered to declare violative acts void (Article 13).
  • Directly establishes that Fundamental Rights are justiciable and enforceable by courts.
Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 8: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES > CHAP. 81 > p. 152
Presence: 5/5
“[CHAP. 8] Special Features of the Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court under Article 32. Though a fundamental Right may be enforced by other proceedings, such as a declaratory suit under the ordinary law or an application under Article 226 or by way of defence. To legal proceedings brought against an individual, a proceeding under Article 32 is described by the Constitution as a \"constitutional remedy\" for the enforcement of the Fundamental Rights included in Part III and the right to bring such proceeding before the Supreme Court is itself a Fundamental Right in Part III. Article 32 is thus the cornerstone of the entire edifice set up by the Constitution.”
Why this source?
  • Describes Article 32 as the constitutional remedy for enforcement of Fundamental Rights and that the right to approach the Supreme Court is itself a Fundamental Right.
  • Underscores the Supreme Court's central role in enforcing Fundamental Rights.
Pattern takeaway: UPSC loves 'Essential Feature' questions. They don't want a list of features; they want the *primary* feature that defines the system. Look for the mechanism that enforces the rules.
How you should have studied
  1. [THE VERDICT]: Sitter. Directly derived from the 'Federal System' chapter in Laxmikanth or D.D. Basu (Chapter 5).
  2. [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: The definition of a Federation as a 'Contract' between the Centre and States. Who enforces the contract? The Judiciary.
  3. [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Memorize the specific paradox: 'Integrated Judiciary' is a Unitary feature (single hierarchy), but 'Independent Judiciary' is a Federal feature (dispute resolution). Also: Dual Government, Written Constitution, Division of Powers, Supremacy of Constitution, Rigidity of Constitution, Bicameralism.
  4. [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: Always ask 'What is the Sine Qua Non?' (The essential condition). Without an independent judiciary to interpret the division of powers (Schedule 7), the federal structure collapses into a unitary one. Options B and D are features, but A is the safeguard.
Concept hooks from this question
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Essential features of a federal system
💡 The insight

An independent judiciary is listed alongside dual government, division of powers and supremacy of the Constitution as core markers of federalism.

High-yield for UPSC: helps answer questions on federalism, constitutional structure and classification of Indian polity. Connects to topics on Centre–State relations, constitutional supremacy and judicial review; useful for comparative and definition-based questions.

📚 Reading List :
  • Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 5: NATURE OF THE FEDERAL SYSTEM > NATURE OF THE FEDERAL SYSTEM > p. 59
  • Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 4: Salient Features of the Constitution > 4. Federal System with Unitary Bias > p. 29
🔗 Anchor: "In the Indian polity, is the independence of the judiciary an essential feature ..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Integrated judiciary vs. dual judicial systems
💡 The insight

India uniquely combines federal features with a single integrated judiciary rather than separate federal and state courts.

Important nuance for UPSC: distinguishes 'federal in character' from 'pure federal' models; useful in essays and mains answers on Indian federalism and judicial organisation. Links to questions on unitary features, emergency provisions and Centre's control.

📚 Reading List :
  • Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 21: ORGANISATION OF THE JUDICIARY IN GENERAL > No Federal Distribution of Judicial Powers. > p. 335
  • Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 4: Salient Features of the Constitution > 4. Federal System with Unitary Bias > p. 29
🔗 Anchor: "In the Indian polity, is the independence of the judiciary an essential feature ..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Supreme Court as guarantor of federalism
💡 The insight

The Supreme Court is described as a federal court and its independence is presented as essential for safeguarding constitutional federal balance.

Crucial for UPSC: frames judicial independence within the Court's role as guardian of the Constitution and protector of Centre–State power division. Enables answers on judicial review, fundamental rights and institutional checks and balances.

📚 Reading List :
  • Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 26: Supreme Court > INDEPENDENCE OF SUPREME COURT > p. 289
  • Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 5: NATURE OF THE FEDERAL SYSTEM > NATURE OF THE FEDERAL SYSTEM > p. 59
🔗 Anchor: "In the Indian polity, is the independence of the judiciary an essential feature ..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Council of States (Rajya Sabha) as the federal chamber
💡 The insight

The Rajya Sabha functions as the Union Legislature's body that represents constituent units and thus signals federal character.

High-yield for polity questions: explains how bicameral structure embodies federalism and appears in questions about federal features and legislative design. Helps answer comparative and conceptual questions on why upper houses exist in federations.

📚 Reading List :
  • Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 12: The Union Legislature > p. 243
🔗 Anchor: "In the Indian polity, is representation of constituent units in the Union Legisl..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Asymmetrical representation in the upper house
💡 The insight

Representation in the Rajya Sabha is unequal across states to balance minimum voice for small States and greater voice for larger States.

Important for UPSC because questions probe federal balance, centre-state relations and special provisions; understanding asymmetry clarifies debates on equality vs. proportionality in federations.

📚 Reading List :
  • Indian Constitution at Work, Political Science Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: FEDERALISM > SPECIAL PROVISIONS > p. 170
  • Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 12: The Union Legislature > p. 243
🔗 Anchor: "In the Indian polity, is representation of constituent units in the Union Legisl..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Essential features of a federal polity (dual government and division of powers)
💡 The insight

Federal character is defined by features like dual government and distribution of powers, within which legislative representation of units operates.

Core concept for static polity: mastering these essentials lets aspirants classify systems, evaluate Indian federalism's uniqueness, and answer mains questions on federal features and unitary tendencies.

📚 Reading List :
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 16: India–Political Aspects > Geographical Bases of India Federalism > p. 10
  • Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 5: NATURE OF THE FEDERAL SYSTEM > India, a Union of States. ARTICLE 1(1) of our Constitution says-“India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States.” > p. 58
🔗 Anchor: "In the Indian polity, is representation of constituent units in the Union Legisl..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S3
👉 Essential features of a federal polity
💡 The insight

Core institutional criteria for federalism—dual government, distribution of powers, supremacy of the Constitution, and judicial finality—define federal character rather than ad hoc political arrangements like cabinet composition.

High-yield for UPSC: distinguishes constitutional/founding features of federalism from contingent political practices; connects to Centre–State relations, constitutional law, and Supreme Court adjudication. Enables clear answers to 'Is India federal?' and evaluation of institutional versus political indicators.

📚 Reading List :
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 16: India–Political Aspects > Geographical Bases of India Federalism > p. 10
  • Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 5: NATURE OF THE FEDERAL SYSTEM > India, a Union of States. ARTICLE 1(1) of our Constitution says-“India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States.” > p. 58
  • Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 5: NATURE OF THE FEDERAL SYSTEM > NATURE OF THE FEDERAL SYSTEM > p. 59
🔗 Anchor: "In the Indian polity, is the Union Cabinet's inclusion of elected representative..."
🌑 The Hidden Trap

The 'Integrated Judiciary' vs. 'Independent Judiciary' trap. UPSC will likely ask: 'Which of the following is a UNITARY feature?' and list 'Integrated Judiciary'. Do not confuse this with the Federal feature of 'Independence'.

⚡ Elimination Cheat Code

Use the 'Constitutional vs. Political' filter. Option C (Regional Parties) is a political outcome, not a constitutional rule. Option D (Fundamental Rights) exists in unitary democracies too (e.g., Japan). Option B is a federal feature but is structural; Option A is functional/safeguarding. The 'Safeguard' always trumps the 'Structure' in essentiality questions.

🔗 Mains Connection

Mains GS-2 Link: The S.R. Bommai Case (1994). The Supreme Court declared 'Federalism' as part of the Basic Structure. This judgment relied heavily on the Judiciary's power to review President's Rule (Art 356), proving Option A is the lynchpin.

✓ Thank you! We'll review this.

SIMILAR QUESTIONS

IAS · 2017 · Q100 Relevance score: 2.97

Which one of the following is not a feature of Indian federalism ?

CDS-I · 2022 · Q49 Relevance score: 2.49

Which one of the following is not a characteristic feature of Indian Federalism ?

CDS-I · 2011 · Q91 Relevance score: 2.10

Which of the following features is,are contrary to the norms of a federal polity? 1. Common All India Service 2. Single integrated judiciary Select the correct answer using the code given below : Code :

CAPF · 2022 · Q68 Relevance score: 2.09

Which one of the following is not a feature of Indian federalism?

CAPF · 2016 · Q85 Relevance score: 1.77

Which one of the following is not a feature of Indian federalism?