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Q40 (IAS/2022) Geography › Maps & Locations › Indian economic locations Official Key

Consider the following pairs : Reservoirs States 1. Ghataprabha - Telangana 2. Gandhi Sagar - Madhya Pradesh 3. Indira Sagar - Andhra Pradesh 4. Maithon - Chhattisgarh How many pairs given above are not correctly matched ?

Result
Your answer: —  ·  Correct: C
Explanation

The correct answer is Option 3 because three out of the four pairs are incorrectly matched. Below is the detailed breakdown of the reservoirs and their respective states:

  • Ghataprabha (Incorrect): This reservoir is located in Karnataka, not Telangana. It is built across the Ghataprabha River, a tributary of the Krishna.
  • Gandhi Sagar (Correct): This is correctly matched. It is one of the four major dams built on the Chambal River and is located in the Mandsaur district of Madhya Pradesh.
  • Indira Sagar (Incorrect): This reservoir is located in Madhya Pradesh (Khandwa district) on the Narmada River, not in Andhra Pradesh.
  • Maithon (Incorrect): This reservoir is located in Jharkhand (Dhanbad district) on the Barakar River, not in Chhattisgarh.

Since pairs 1, 3, and 4 are incorrectly matched, exactly three pairs are wrong, making Option 3 the correct choice.

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Don’t just practise – reverse-engineer the question. This panel shows where this PYQ came from (books / web), how the examiner broke it into hidden statements, and which nearby micro-concepts you were supposed to learn from it. Treat it like an autopsy of the question: what might have triggered it, which exact lines in the book matter, and what linked ideas you should carry forward to future questions.
Q. Consider the following pairs : Reservoirs States 1. Ghataprabha - Telangana 2. Gandhi Sagar - Madhya Pradesh 3. Indira Sagar - Andhra Pra…
At a glance
Origin: Books + Current Affairs Fairness: Moderate fairness Books / CA: 7.5/10 · 2.5/10

This is a classic 'Map-based' question disguised as a list. It is highly fair because 3 out of 4 options are directly available in standard Geography textbooks (like Majid Husain's tables on Energy Resources). If you skipped the 'Major Dams' table thinking it was too factual, you lost easy marks.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Which Indian state is the Ghataprabha Reservoir located in?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 3: The Drainage System of India > Gokak Falls (53 m) > p. 46
Presence: 5/5
“They are located in the upper reaches of the Ghataprabha (a tributary of the Krishna) in Belgaum District of Karnataka. The waterfall is about 6 km. away from Gokak, a nearby town. It resembles Niagra Falls. It is a great attraction for the domestic and international tourists.”
Why this source?
  • Explicitly locates Ghataprabha in Belgaum District of Karnataka.
  • Identifies Ghataprabha as a tributary of the Krishna within Karnataka, tying the reservoir to that state.
Statement 2
Which Indian state is the Gandhi Sagar Reservoir located in?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 4/5
"109. Gandhi Sagar Chambal Maharashtra"
Why this source?
  • Passage is an official Rajya Sabha document listing reservoirs with their rivers and states.
  • Entry 109 directly lists 'Gandhi Sagar' with the river 'Chambal' and the state 'Maharashtra', tying the reservoir to that state.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 8: Energy Resources > Table 8.9 > p. 21
Strength: 5/5
“The installed capacity of the Gandhi Sagar Dam is 115 MW. Five generators have been installed at Gandhi Sagar; four with a capacity of 2300 kW and one with a capacity of 2700 kW. It is providing power and irrigation to the surrounding regions of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh.• 5. Hirakud Project: Constructed across the Mahanadi river, this project was funded by the Central Government. It is a 14 km long dam, considerd to be the longest in the world. The project involves the construction of three dams across Mahanadi, at Hirakud, Tikrapara, and Naraj. The Hirakud Project, according to recent study, has increased floods and droughts in the region.”
Why relevant

States that Gandhi Sagar provides power and irrigation to are named as Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh, implying the dam/reservoir lies at least adjacent to or serving these states.

How to extend

A student could check a map of the Rajasthan–Madhya Pradesh border and the Chambal river course to locate the dam/reservoir and determine which state it physically lies in.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 8: Energy Resources > Table 8.9 > p. 22
Strength: 4/5
“Rana Pratap Sagar Dam: This dam has been constructed across the Chambal river, about 25 km to the north of the Gandhi Sagar Dam in the Kota district of Rajasthan. It is a multipurpose project designed to generate electricity, to control floods and to provide irrigation water to the surrounding agricultural land. Its installed capacity is 99 MW.• 19. Rihand Project: Funded by the Central Government, it is the largest multi-purpose project of Uttar Pradesh. It has been constructed across the Rihand river, a tributary of the Son river, near Pipri village in the Sonbhadra district. The reservoir of this dam has been named after Gobind Ballabh Pant.”
Why relevant

Rana Pratap Sagar Dam is described as about 25 km north of the Gandhi Sagar Dam in Kota district of Rajasthan, giving a positional relation that places Gandhi Sagar south of Kota (Rajasthan).

How to extend

Using the known location of Kota district on a map and the stated distance/direction, a student can narrow the reservoir's location near the Rajasthan–Madhya Pradesh boundary.

Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 9: Distribution of World Natural Resources > 3. Regions with large Demand of electricity > p. 22
Strength: 3/5
“• Project: 16. Malprabha; Location: Malprabha; Benefciary States: Karnataka • Project: 17. Nagarjunasagar; Location: Krishna River; Benefciary States: (Seemandhra and Telangana) • Project: 18. Narmada Project (Indira Sagar Dam); Location: Narmada River; Benefciary States: Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Rajasthan • Project: 19. Parmbikulam; Location: Annamalai Hills; Benefciary States: Tamil Nadu and Kerala • Project: 20. Pochampad; Location: Godavari; Benefciary States: Telangana • Project: 21. Rajghat Dam; Location: Betwa; Benefciary States: Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh • Project: 22. Ramganga Project; Location: Chusit Stream; Benefciary States: Uttar Pradesh • Project: 23. Salal Project; Location: Chenab River; Benefciary States: Jammu & Kashmir • Project: 24.”
Why relevant

Examples of multipurpose river projects list beneficiary states (e.g., Narmada project benefits Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan), illustrating such dams often serve multiple states and can be sited near state borders.

How to extend

Recognizing this pattern, a student could infer Gandhi Sagar, which benefits Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh, is likely on or near their border and then verify its exact state location with a map.

Statement 3
Which Indian state is the Indira Sagar Reservoir located in?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 8: Energy Resources > Table 8.9 > p. 19
Presence: 5/5
“Kerala; Names of the Hydro-Electric Power Plants: Idukki (Periyar), Kallada, Kuttiaddy, Pallivasal, Parambikulam, Poringal, Panniar, Sabarigiri, Periyar • States: 8. Madhya Pradesh; Names of the Hydro-Electric Power Plants: Indira Sagar and Pratap-sagar on Chambal, Twa (M.P.) • States: 9. Maharashtra; Names of the Hydro-Electric Power Plants: Bhola, Bhatnagar-Beed, Girna, Khopali, Koyna, Purna, Paithon, Vaiterna • States: 10. North eastern States; Names of the Hydro-Electric Power Plants: Dikhu, Doyan (both in Nagaland), Gomuti (Tripura), Loktak (Manipur), Kopali (Assam), Khandong and Kyrdemkulai (Meghalaya), Sirlui and Barabi (Mizoram), Ranganadi (Arunachal Pradesh), New Umtru (Meghalaya) • States: 11. Odisha; Names of the Hydro-Electric Power Plants: Hirakud (Mahanadi), Balimela, Rengali (Brahmani), Indiravati • States: 12.”
Why this source?
  • Lists Indira Sagar among hydro-electric power plants under the heading 'Madhya Pradesh', directly linking the project to that state.
  • Specifies Indira Sagar as a named power project, making the association explicit and state-specific.
Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 9: Distribution of World Natural Resources > 3. Regions with large Demand of electricity > p. 22
Presence: 4/5
“• Project: 16. Malprabha; Location: Malprabha; Benefciary States: Karnataka • Project: 17. Nagarjunasagar; Location: Krishna River; Benefciary States: (Seemandhra and Telangana) • Project: 18. Narmada Project (Indira Sagar Dam); Location: Narmada River; Benefciary States: Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Rajasthan • Project: 19. Parmbikulam; Location: Annamalai Hills; Benefciary States: Tamil Nadu and Kerala • Project: 20. Pochampad; Location: Godavari; Benefciary States: Telangana • Project: 21. Rajghat Dam; Location: Betwa; Benefciary States: Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh • Project: 22. Ramganga Project; Location: Chusit Stream; Benefciary States: Uttar Pradesh • Project: 23. Salal Project; Location: Chenab River; Benefciary States: Jammu & Kashmir • Project: 24.”
Why this source?
  • Identifies the Narmada Project (Indira Sagar Dam) on the Narmada River and names Madhya Pradesh among the beneficiary states.
  • Connects Indira Sagar with the Narmada river system and lists the relevant states involved, supporting Madhya Pradesh as a primary location.
Statement 4
Which Indian state is the Maithon Reservoir located in?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 8: Energy Resources > Table 8.9 > p. 19
Presence: 5/5
“State-wise Main Hydro-Electric Power Plants • States: 1. Andhra Pradesh; Names of the Hydro-Electric Power Plants: Machkund, Nagarjun-Sagar, Nizam-Sagar, Sileru, Srisalem • States: 2. Bihar; Names of the Hydro-Electric Power Plants: Kosi • States: 3. Gujarat; Names of the Hydro-Electric Power Plants: Akrimota, Sardar-Sarovar, Ukai (Tapi), Hathmati (Sabarmati), Bhadra (Kathiawad) • States: 4. (U.T) Jammu, Kashmir & Ladakh; Names of the Hydro-Electric Power Plants: Dool-Hasti, Lower Jhelum, Salal, Baghliar • States: 5. Jharkhand; Names of the Hydro-Electric Power Plants: Maithon, Panchet, Tilaiya, Balpahadia, Bokaro, Konar, Aiyar, (all three under DVC), Mayurakshi • States: 6. Karnataka; Names of the Hydro-Electric Power Plants: Mahatma-Gandhi (Jog Falls), Sivasamudram (Kaveri), Bhadra, Munirabad, Saravati, Tungbhadra, Krishnaraja-Sagar • States: 7.”
Why this source?
  • Explicitly lists Maithon among the hydro-electric power plants under the entry for Jharkhand.
  • Provides a state-wise listing that directly associates Maithon with Jharkhand.
Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 8: Energy Resources > Table 8.9 > p. 20
Presence: 4/5
“The Damodar flows through Jharkhand and West Bengal. The Damodar Valley Corporation was established on 18 February, 1948. Under this project, seven dams were constructed namely, Tilaiya, Balpahari, Maithon, Konar, Bokaro, Aiyar, and Panchet Dams. • (i) Tilaiya Dam: The Tilaiya dam has been constructed across the Barakar river. It is the only concrete dam in the area. Two power stations of 2000 kW each have been set-up here. The dam provides irrigation to forty thousand hectares of land. It has helped in the reduction of floods. This dam was completed in 1953. Its underground power station with installed capacity of 60,000 kW provides cheap power to the mica mines of Kodarma and Hazaribagh.• (ii) Konar Dam: The Konar dam has been constructed across the Konar river—a tributary of the Damodar River in the Hazaribagh district.”
Why this source?
  • Describes the Damodar river system flowing through Jharkhand and West Bengal and names Maithon as one of the DVC dams.
  • Links Maithon to the Damodar Valley project region, reinforcing its location in Jharkhand's river basin.
Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 8: Energy Resources > Table 8.9 > p. 21
Presence: 3/5
“cooling water to the Bokaro Steel Plant. The hydel station located near the dam generates about 40,000 kW of electricity. • (iii) Maithon Dam: Constructed across the Barakar river near the confluence of Barakar with Damodar river, it is a 56 m high dam. The dam completed in 1958, provides irrigation to 50,000 hectares of arable land. The underground power station generates 60,000 kW of electricity.• (iv) Panchet Hill Dam: The Panchet dam has been constructed across the Damodar river, about 20 km south of the Maithon Dam. It is 45 m high and 2545 m long. The power station near the dam has an installed capacity of 40,000 kW.”
Why this source?
  • Provides specific details about Maithon Dam (site on the Barakar near the Damodar confluence, height, power generation), connecting the dam to the Damodar/Barakar river network.
  • Technical description of Maithon Dam supports its identification and regional placement within the Damodar basin.
Pattern takeaway: UPSC loves 'Confusing Pairs' where the Reservoir Name ≠ River Name. If a reservoir is named after a person (Gandhi, Indira) or a local place (Maithon), it is a high-probability candidate. They specifically swap neighboring states (e.g., putting a Karnataka dam in Telangana) to test your mental map precision.
How you should have studied
  1. [THE VERDICT]: Sitter. Direct hits from standard tables in Majid Husain (Chapter 8: Energy Resources/Hydro-electric plants).
  2. [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: Multipurpose River Valley Projects & Hydro-electric infrastructure mapping.
  3. [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Memorize these confusing siblings: Ukai (Tapi, Gujarat), Koyna (Maharashtra), Srisailam (Krishna, AP/Telangana), Mettur (Kaveri, TN), Pong Dam (Beas, HP), and Thein/Ranjit Sagar (Ravi, Punjab).
  4. [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: Stop memorizing just 'River-Dam'. You must map 'Dam-State'. The examiner exploits the gap between knowing the river (e.g., Krishna) and knowing the specific state of its tributary dam (Ghataprabha in Karnataka, not Telangana).
Concept hooks from this question
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 River tributary → state mapping
💡 The insight

Major tributaries are commonly identified with the state/district through which they flow, e.g., Ghataprabha in Karnataka.

High-yield for UPSC geography: questions often ask which state a river or tributary flows through. Mastering this helps answer river-location, basin, and water-management questions and links to topics like irrigation and inter-state water disputes.

📚 Reading List :
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 3: The Drainage System of India > Gokak Falls (53 m) > p. 46
  • Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 9: Distribution of World Natural Resources > 3. Regions with large Demand of electricity > p. 22
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 3: The Drainage System of India > THE INTER-STATE WATER DISPUTES > p. 38
🔗 Anchor: "Which Indian state is the Ghataprabha Reservoir located in?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Reservoirs and district-level geography
💡 The insight

Reservoirs and lakes are frequently described by the district and state they occupy, which is how they are identified administratively.

Important for map-based and static GK questions; knowing district–reservoir pairings aids retrieval of related facts (tourism, irrigation, local economy) and reduces elimination errors in multiple-choice settings.

📚 Reading List :
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 3: The Drainage System of India > Gokak Falls (53 m) > p. 46
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 3: The Drainage System of India > Veeranam Lake > p. 31
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 3: The Drainage System of India > Kolleru Lake > p. 30
🔗 Anchor: "Which Indian state is the Ghataprabha Reservoir located in?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 River projects & beneficiary-state relationships
💡 The insight

Major river projects list beneficiary states and link projects to river basins and regional water sharing.

Crucial for questions on inter-state water disputes, project beneficiaries, and federal water management; connects physical geography to polity and economy in mains and prelims.

📚 Reading List :
  • Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 9: Distribution of World Natural Resources > 3. Regions with large Demand of electricity > p. 22
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 3: The Drainage System of India > THE INTER-STATE WATER DISPUTES > p. 38
🔗 Anchor: "Which Indian state is the Ghataprabha Reservoir located in?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Beneficiary states of river-valley projects
💡 The insight

Gandhi Sagar is described as providing power and irrigation to Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh, so identifying beneficiary states clarifies project impact versus physical location.

High-yield for UPSC because many questions ask which states gain from a project versus where the project physically lies; connects water resources, inter-state allocation and federal planning. Mastering this helps answer questions on irrigation benefits, multi-state projects and disputes.

📚 Reading List :
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 8: Energy Resources > Table 8.9 > p. 21
  • Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 9: Distribution of World Natural Resources > 3. Regions with large Demand of electricity > p. 22
🔗 Anchor: "Which Indian state is the Gandhi Sagar Reservoir located in?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Cascade dams on the Chambal River
💡 The insight

Rana Pratap Sagar is on the Chambal and located about 25 km north of Gandhi Sagar, linking both dams as a river cascade system on the Chambal.

Useful for geography and polity questions that probe river-basin management, sequential dam placement, and state-wise distribution of hydraulic infrastructure; helps locate related projects and understand inter-dam relationships.

📚 Reading List :
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 8: Energy Resources > Table 8.9 > p. 22
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 8: Energy Resources > Table 8.9 > p. 21
🔗 Anchor: "Which Indian state is the Gandhi Sagar Reservoir located in?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 State-wise listing of hydro-electric projects
💡 The insight

Hydro-electric plants are often catalogued by state, a method useful for attributing projects like Gandhi Sagar to particular states or beneficiaries.

Practically important for UPSC prelims and mains when asked to match projects to states or to discuss regional energy resources; links to energy policy, regional development and resource mapping.

📚 Reading List :
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 8: Energy Resources > Table 8.9 > p. 19
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 8: Energy Resources > Table 8.9 > p. 21
🔗 Anchor: "Which Indian state is the Gandhi Sagar Reservoir located in?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S3
👉 Dams and hydroelectric projects mapped to states
💡 The insight

Indira Sagar is presented as a named hydro-electric project under Madhya Pradesh.

High-yield for UPSC geography and GS1: questions frequently ask which state hosts major dams or power projects. Mastering this helps in linking infrastructure to administrative units and in answering questions on regional development, power generation, and resource distribution.

📚 Reading List :
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 8: Energy Resources > Table 8.9 > p. 19
  • Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 9: Distribution of World Natural Resources > 3. Regions with large Demand of electricity > p. 22
🔗 Anchor: "Which Indian state is the Indira Sagar Reservoir located in?"
🌑 The Hidden Trap

The 'Chambal Cascade' Sequence: Since Gandhi Sagar (MP) was asked, the next logical question is arranging the Chambal dams from South to North: Gandhi Sagar (MP) → Rana Pratap Sagar (Raj) → Jawahar Sagar (Raj) → Kota Barrage (Raj).

⚡ Elimination Cheat Code

Use 'River Basin Logic' over rote memory. Maithon is on the Barakar (Damodar basin = WB/Jharkhand); Chhattisgarh is the Mahanadi basin—geographically incompatible. Indira Sagar is on the Narmada (Central/West India); Andhra Pradesh is on the East Coast. These two mismatches are physically impossible.

🔗 Mains Connection

Link this to GS2 (Polity): Inter-state Water Disputes. Ghataprabha is part of the Krishna basin (Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal). Gandhi Sagar involves MP/Rajasthan power sharing. Maithon (DVC) represents India's first PSU multipurpose project, linking to Post-Independence Economic History.

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