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Q56 (IAS/2022) Science & Technology › New Materials, Energy & Environment-linked Tech › Advanced materials and nanotech Official Key

With reference to polyethylene terephthalate, the use of which is so widespread in our daily lives, consider the following statements : 1. Its fibres can be blended with wool and cotton fibres to reinforce their properties. 2. Containers made of it can be used to store any alcoholic beverage. 3. Bottles made of it can be recycled into other products. 4. Articles made of it can be easily disposed of by incineration without causing greenhouse gas emissions. Which of the statements given above are correct ?

Result
Your answer:  ·  Correct: A
Explanation

The correct answer is Option 1 (1 and 3). Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a versatile polymer with significant industrial applications.

  • Statement 1 is correct: PET fibres are commonly blended with natural fibres like cotton (to create polycot) and wool (to create polywool). This blending enhances the durability, wrinkle resistance, and tear strength of the natural fibres.
  • Statement 3 is correct: PET is 100% recyclable. Used bottles are crushed and processed into "flakes," which are then recycled into new containers, polyester fibres for carpets, or even clothing.

Why other statements are incorrect:

  • Statement 2: PET is generally unsuitable for long-term storage of high-concentration alcoholic beverages because alcohol can act as a solvent, potentially causing the leaching of chemicals like acetaldehyde and antimony into the drink.
  • Statement 4: Incineration of PET releases greenhouse gases like Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and can emit toxic gases if not controlled, contradicting the claim that it causes no emissions.
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PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
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Don’t just practise – reverse-engineer the question. This panel shows where this PYQ came from (books / web), how the examiner broke it into hidden statements, and which nearby micro-concepts you were supposed to learn from it. Treat it like an autopsy of the question: what might have triggered it, which exact lines in the book matter, and what linked ideas you should carry forward to future questions.
Q. With reference to polyethylene terephthalate, the use of which is so widespread in our daily lives, consider the following statements : 1…
At a glance
Origin: Books + Current Affairs Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 2.5/10 · 2.5/10
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This is a classic 'Applied Science' question where common sense outweighs rote learning. While Statement 1 and 3 are general observations (polycotton shirts, recycling bins), Statements 2 and 4 are 'Science Traps' designed to test your grasp of extreme absolutes ('any' alcohol, 'without' emissions). The strategy here is not to know PET chemistry, but to spot the violation of basic environmental laws.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Can polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers be blended with wool and cotton fibers to enhance or reinforce their properties?
Origin: Weak / unclear Fairness: Borderline / guessy
Indirect textbook clues
Certificate Physical and Human Geography , GC Leong (Oxford University press 3rd ed.) > Chapter 28: Manufacturing Industry and The Iron and Steel Industry > Groups of Industries > p. 279
Strength: 5/5
“Some of the most important products of this branch of industry include: acids, alkalis, gases, dye-stuffs, soap, paints, varnishes, solvents, detergents, fertilizers, insecticides, pharmaceuticals (drugs and medicines), glass, plastics, paper and pulp, synthetic fibres and synthetic oils. 6. Textiles. This is one of the oldest and the most widespread industries. It is the spinning and weaving of textile materials from cotton, wool, flax (linen), silk, jute, hemp and hairs. The existing textile centres have also developed artificial fibres from synthetic or nitrogenous materials, e.g. rayon, nylon, dacron, teteron, terylene, perlon (Plate 28.A). 7. Food processing industry.”
Why relevant

Lists synthetic fibres (e.g., dacron, teteron, terylene) alongside natural fibres in textile manufacture, showing synthetics are already integrated into textile production.

How to extend

A student could note PET is a common polyester (like dacron/terylene) and so infer that similar production/usage practices might allow blending with cotton/wool to modify properties.

Certificate Physical and Human Geography , GC Leong (Oxford University press 3rd ed.) > Chapter 26: Agriculture > General > p. 257
Strength: 4/5
“1. COTTON (Figs. 26.14a & b) (a) Cotton (Gossypium), 'King of fibres' is the most widely used textile fibre, for making clothes, furnishing fabrics, bed linen, industrial cloth and a host of other materials. It competes with wool, silk, rayon, nylon, other hard fibres and synthetic fibres in the market. (b) Cotton has many varieties, e.g. Sea-Island cotton (the best, long-stapled, over 45 mm/1* inches in length of staple). The Egyptian and Peruvian varieties are also highly priced with a staple length of over 29 mm (11 inches). The American upland cotton and those of Brazil and the U.S.S.R. are medium-stapled (22 mm to 29 mm, t inch to l[ inches).”
Why relevant

States cotton 'competes with' wool, silk, rayon, nylon and synthetic fibres, implying synthetic fibres are alternatives/co-used in the textile market.

How to extend

Using basic knowledge that competition often leads to blends/variants, a student could investigate whether cotton products are blended with synthetics to gain desired traits (e.g., strength, wrinkle resistance).

Certificate Physical and Human Geography , GC Leong (Oxford University press 3rd ed.) > Chapter 26: Agriculture > Generrl > p. 258
Strength: 4/5
“(a) Wool is the most important animal fibre of the temperate lands. Used for the woollen and worsted industry. It comes from many animals, chiefly sheep, the most numerous of all domesticated animals. Some wool is also derived from Cashmere goats, Angora goats, (mohair), Ilamas, alpacas, vicunas, camels and other hairy creatures. (b) Wool has insulating properties, keeps warm, absorbs moisture, resists wrinkling, of great durability and strength. It is highly desired in colder climates or upland regions. (c) Wool differs in thickness, lustre and durability. Best in Menno wool which originated in Spain and North Africa and is now reared in the southern continents, accounting for one-third of all wool (12-22 kgU-45 lb per Merino sheep per year).”
Why relevant

Describes wool's key properties (insulation, moisture absorption, durability), which are specific attributes manufacturers might want to retain or modify by blending.

How to extend

A student could consider which wool properties to enhance or protect (e.g., increase strength or wrinkle resistance) and whether adding a polyester like PET could plausibly provide those effects.

Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 10: Locational Factors of Economic Activities > textile industries > p. 33
Strength: 3/5
“• (ii) Mechanization has meant that textile manufacture can be done using unskilled labour. It is therefore an ideal industry for countries where there is no background of industrial skills. Textile industries are always among the frst to be developed by underdeveloped countries.• (iii) Cotton is grown in a very large number of tropical and subtropical countries.• (iv) Fibers are relatively light, non-perishable and easily transportable.• (v) Textile industries are located mainly in relation to power and labour supplies. Tus the raw material location is of negligible advantage.”
Why relevant

Notes mechanization of textile manufacture and broad use of fibers, indicating production processes exist that can handle large-scale fibre processing and mixing.

How to extend

A student might infer that industrial spinning/weaving equipment can blend different fibre types (natural + synthetic) and so check technical sources on blending methods for PET with cotton/wool.

Statement analysis

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Statement analysis

This statement analysis shows book citations, web sources and indirect clues. The first statement (S1) is open for preview.

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Statement analysis

This statement analysis shows book citations, web sources and indirect clues. The first statement (S1) is open for preview.

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