Question map
Consider the following statements : Once the Central Government notifies an area as a 'Community Reserve' 1. the Chief Wildlife Warden of the State becomes the governing authority of such forest 2. hunting is not allowed in such area 3. people of such area are allowed to collect non-timber forest produce 4. people of such area are allowed traditional agricultural practices How many of the above statements are correct?
Explanation
The correct answer is Option 2 (Only two). Community Reserves are established under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, when local communities or individuals volunteer to conserve wildlife on private or community land.
Statements 2 and 3 are correct:
- Statement 2: Once notified, the area receives the same legal protection as Sanctuaries. Under Section 35, hunting is strictly prohibited.
- Statement 3: Local communities retain their rights to collect non-timber forest produce (NTFP) for bona fide subsistence needs, ensuring a balance between conservation and livelihoods.
Statements 1 and 4 are incorrect:
- Statement 1: The governing authority is a Community Reserve Management Committee, not the Chief Wildlife Warden, who only acts as the monitoring authority.
- Statement 4: Traditional agricultural practices, such as Jhum cultivation, are generally prohibited within the notified area to prevent habitat degradation.
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Full viewThis question tests the 'legal gradient' of conservation. While standard books (Shankar/PMF) define Community Reserves, the specific rights (Statements 3 & 4) require inferring the spirit of the law: CRs are 'voluntary' on private/community land, implying livelihoods (agriculture) coexist with conservation.
This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.
- Statement 1: When the Central Government notifies an area as a "Community Reserve" under the Wildlife (Protection) Act (India), does the State Chief Wildlife Warden become the governing/management authority of that area?
- Statement 2: When the Central Government notifies an area as a "Community Reserve" under the Wildlife (Protection) Act (India), is hunting prohibited in that area?
- Statement 3: When the Central Government notifies an area as a "Community Reserve" under the Wildlife (Protection) Act (India), are local people permitted to collect non-timber forest produce from that area?
- Statement 4: When the Central Government notifies an area as a "Community Reserve" under the Wildlife (Protection) Act (India), are local people's traditional agricultural practices allowed to continue in that area?
- Explicitly states: 'The Chief Wildlife Warden shall be the authority who shall control, manage and maintain all Protected Areas.'
- Also records that the Chief Wildlife Warden grants permits and exercises management/control functions for protected areas.
- Defines 'Community Reserve' as a new type of protected area created by the 2003 amendment.
- States the State Government may notify community or private land as a Community Reserve, implying it falls within the protected-area framework.
- Shows precedent that responsibility for managing declared protected areas (sanctuaries) rests with the Chief Wildlife Warden.
- Supports the general principle that the Chief Wildlife Warden is the management authority for state-declared conservation areas.
Defines 'Community Reserve' (Amendment 2003) and states the State Government may notify community or private land as a Community Reserve for protecting fauna and flora.
A student could note that Community Reserves are created via notification (usually by State), so check whether central notification is typical and whether notification confers statutory protection like hunting restrictions.
States the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 includes 'prohibition of hunting of wild animals' as a core provision.
One could infer that many categories under the Act aim to ban hunting; a student might therefore check whether Community Reserves fall under the Act's prohibitions or have specific exemptions.
Explains that the thrust of the Wildlife Act was banning hunting and giving legal protection to habitats via protected areas (national parks, sanctuaries, etc.).
Use this pattern (protected areas generally restrict hunting) to investigate if Community Reserves are legally treated like other protected areas regarding hunting rules.
Gives an example of local communities declaring a conserved area and explicitly prohibiting hunting as part of community rules.
A student could use this example to distinguish between community-imposed bans (local rules) and statutory bans under a government notification.
Lists 'community conserved areas' among India's protected areas, implying such areas are recognised categories within conservation frameworks.
One could extend this to ask whether inclusion among 'protected areas' brings the same legal protections (including hunting prohibitions) as other categories.
Defines Community Reserve as state‑notification of community or private land where members agree to offer areas for protecting fauna, flora, and their traditions/cultures/practices.
A student could infer that 'traditions/practices' may include customary collection; check the statute or examples to see if customary NTFP collection is explicitly preserved under such agreements.
Describes Joint Forest Management (JFM) arrangements where local institutions protect forests and, in return, are entitled to benefits like non‑timber forest produce and shares in timber.
Use this as a parallel: if JFM explicitly grants NTFP rights for community protection, community reserves might likewise be structured to allow NTFP — so verify whether Community Reserve notifications formalize similar benefit-sharing.
Explains that under administrative forest classifications, 'Protected Forests' permit local people to collect fuel‑wood/timber and graze cattle, showing some protected categories allow regulated local use.
Apply this rule‑pattern that not all protected categories ban resource use; therefore check whether Community Reserves are categorized with permissive or restrictive use rules regarding NTFP.
Lists Community Reserves as a distinct category of protected areas (26 Community Reserves), indicating they are recognized separately from national parks/sanctuaries.
A student could treat Community Reserves as a distinct legal/administrative category and compare its statutory provisions with those of other categories to judge likely rights such as NTFP collection.
Defines 'community conserved areas' as protected areas set aside to conserve wildlife and habitats, highlighting the role of communities in such areas.
Use this to support the idea that community involvement is central; thus investigate whether community conservation status typically preserves customary resource use like NTFP collection.
- 2003 Amendment created Community Reserve as a category and allows notification of community or private land with the agreement of community members.
- The purpose of Community Reserves explicitly includes protecting the community's traditions, cultures and practices, which implies allowance for customary activities.
- No change in land use pattern shall be made within a Community Reserve except via a Management Committee resolution and State Government approval.
- This restriction implies that existing land-use practices (such as traditional agriculture) continue unless formally changed.
- [THE VERDICT]: Conceptual Trap + Standard Book (Shankar IAS). Statement 1 and 4 are text-book derived; 2 and 3 require derivative logic.
- [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 – The 4 categories of Protected Areas (National Park, Wildlife Sanctuary, Conservation Reserve, Community Reserve).
- [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Memorize the 'Rights Spectrum': National Park (Rights extinguished) → Sanctuary (Rights allowed until settled) → Conservation Reserve (Govt land, rights persist) → Community Reserve (Private/Community land, rights persist).
- [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: Apply 'Ownership Logic'. National Parks are state property. Community Reserves are private/community property volunteered for conservation. Therefore, traditional practices (agriculture/NTFP) must be allowed, or the community wouldn't agree to the notification.
Community Reserve is a distinct protected-area category created by the 2003 amendment and notified by the State Government.
High-yield for questions on protected-area types and legal classification; links conservation policy with community participation and state notification powers. Understanding this aids answers on decentralised conservation and community rights under wildlife law.
- Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 15: Protected Area Network > 15. 4.2. community Reserve > p. 215
The Chief Wildlife Warden is described as the authority to control, manage and maintain protected areas and to grant entry/residence permits.
Important for questions on institutional roles and implementation of wildlife law; connects to enforcement, permits, and on-ground management responsibilities at state level. Helps tackle governance and administrative-competence questions in environment papers.
- Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 15: Protected Area Network > Grant of permit for entry: > p. 214
- Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 4: BIODIVERSITY > SanctuarieS. > p. 41
Central Government can declare certain protected areas (sanctuaries/NPs) while State Government notifies Community Reserves and other protected lands.
Crucial for questions on federalism in environmental governance and statutory powers under the Wildlife (Protection) Act. Mastery enables answering items on which tier declares which category and implications for management and enforcement.
- Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 15: Protected Area Network > Declared by the Central Government: > p. 213
- Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 15: Protected Area Network > 15. 4.2. community Reserve > p. 215
- Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 15: Protected Area Network > 1. The Wildlife (Protection) Act of 1982 > p. 211
Community Reserve is a statutory category introduced by the 2003 amendment that permits notification of community or private land for protecting fauna, flora and local traditions with the consent of the community.
High-yield for questions on protected-area categories and community participation in conservation; links law, local governance and environmental policy. Mastering this helps answer questions about types of protected areas and decentralised conservation approaches.
- Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 15: Protected Area Network > 15. 4.2. community Reserve > p. 215
The Wildlife (Protection) Act contains an express prohibition on hunting of wild animals as part of its legal framework for conservation.
Crucial for legal/ethical aspects of wildlife governance questions; connects to offences, licences, and enforcement mechanisms under the Act. Knowing this helps evaluate consequences of different protected-area notifications and regulatory exceptions.
- Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 5: Biodiversity and Legislations > the wildlife act, 1972 > p. 13
- NCERT. (2022). Contemporary India II: Textbook in Geography for Class X (Revised ed.). NCERT. > Chapter 2: Nationalism in India > Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India > p. 30
Both State and Central Governments have authority to declare sanctuaries or national parks by notification to protect and manage wildlife and specify area limits.
Important for questions on centre–state roles in environmental governance and protected-area management. Helps in answering items on legal authority, administrative responsibility and differences among protected-area types.
- Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 4: BIODIVERSITY > SanctuarieS. > p. 41
- Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 15: Protected Area Network > Declared by the Central Government: > p. 213
Community Reserves are created on community or private land only when the local members agree to offer the area for protection and to preserve their traditions and practices.
High-yield for polity/environment questions: explains the participatory nature of a specific protected-area category and highlights how legal design can preserve local customary practices. Connects to decentralisation, community rights, and governance of protected areas; useful for questions on conservation models and local participation.
- Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 15: Protected Area Network > 15. 4.2. community Reserve > p. 215
The Management Committee structure: For a Community Reserve, the committee consists of 5 representatives nominated by the Village Panchayat/Gram Sabha and 1 representative of the Forest Department. (Contrast this with Conservation Reserves).
Use the 'Voluntary Logic': A Community Reserve is declared on private/community land *only* if the community agrees. Would a community voluntarily agree to a status that bans their basic livelihood (Agriculture)? No. Therefore, Statement 4 must be correct. Since it is a 'Reserve' under WPA, Hunting (Statement 2) is universally banned.
Links to GS2 (Governance/FRA 2006) and GS3 (Inclusive Growth). Community Reserves represent the shift from 'Fortress Conservation' (exclusionary) to 'Community-Based Conservation' (participatory), a key theme in modern environmental policy.