Question map
With reference to 'Scheduled Areas' in India, consider the following statements : 1. Within a State, the notification of an area as Scheduled Area takes place through an Order of the President. 2. The largest administrative unit forming the Scheduled Area is the District and the lowest is the cluster of villages in the Block. 3. The Chief Ministers of the concerned States are required to submit annual reports to the Union Home Ministry on the administration of Scheduled Areas in the States. How many of the above statements are correct?
Explanation
The correct answer is Option 2 (Only two) because statements 1 and 2 are correct, while statement 3 is incorrect.
- Statement 1 is correct: Under the Fifth Schedule of the Constitution, the President of India has the power to declare any area as a Scheduled Area through a Presidential Order.
- Statement 2 is correct: The administrative hierarchy for Scheduled Areas typically follows a pattern where the District is the largest unit, followed by Talukas/Blocks, and the lowest unit is a cluster of villages within a Block.
- Statement 3 is incorrect: According to Paragraph 3 of the Fifth Schedule, the Governor of the state (not the Chief Minister) is constitutionally mandated to submit annual reports regarding the administration of Scheduled Areas to the President of India, not the Union Home Ministry.
Since only two out of the three statements are factually accurate, Option 2 is the right choice.
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Full viewThis question combines a standard constitutional fact with a 'Deep Detail' check and a classic 'Authority Swap' trap. Statement 2 is a direct lift from the 'Criteria for Declaration' list in Laxmikanth, which many aspirants skim over. Statement 3 tests your grip on federal hierarchyβswapping 'Governor -> President' with 'CM -> Home Ministry'.
This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.
- Statement 1: In India, for Scheduled Areas, does the notification of an area within a State take place by an Order of the President?
- Statement 2: In India, for Scheduled Areas, is the largest administrative unit forming a Scheduled Area the district?
- Statement 3: In India, for Scheduled Areas, is the lowest administrative unit forming a Scheduled Area a cluster of villages in a block?
- Statement 4: In India, for Scheduled Areas, are the Chief Ministers of the concerned States required to submit annual reports to the Union Home Ministry on the administration of Scheduled Areas?
- Explicitly states the President has power, by order, to declare or cease an area as a Scheduled Area
- Specifies that the power extends to altering boundaries of Scheduled Areas
- Links this power to the Fifth Schedule (para 6), showing constitutional basis
- Affirms the President is empowered to declare an area to be a Scheduled Area
- Adds that the President can increase/decrease area, alter boundaries, rescind or redesignate in consultation with the state Governor
- Specifies that a 'viable administrative entity' for declaring Scheduled Areas can be a District (alongside Block/Thaluk).
- Identifies District as an explicit administrative unit considered when forming Scheduled Areas.
- Treats tribal/Scheduled Areas as administered at the district level (lists named districts under schedules).
- Shows that districts are the named administrative units used in the Schedule framework.
- Describes autonomous districts and district councils with district-level administrative powers in tribal areas.
- Demonstrates functioning and governance structures organized at the district level for tribal/Scheduled Areas.
- Directly asserts that the lowest administrative unit forming a Scheduled Area is a 'cluster of villages in the Block'.
- Presents the exact formulation of the claim in question as a stated option.
- Lists 'Block' as a viable administrative entity for declaring a Scheduled Area alongside District and Thuluk.
- Corroborates that a Block-level unit is recognized when defining Scheduled Areas.
States retain executive power over Scheduled Areas but the Governor has a 'special responsibility' regarding such areas, showing a distinctive chain of administration.
A student could combine this with the fact that Governors are Centre appointees to investigate whether reporting/communication to the Centre is routed via Governors rather than Chief Ministers.
Distinguishes Fifth Schedule (Scheduled Areas) from Sixth Schedule (tribal areas in 4 NE states), indicating different administrative regimes and likely different reporting/oversight arrangements.
A student could use this to check the Fifth Schedule text (or standard summaries) for any reporting obligations specific to Scheduled Areas versus Sixth Schedule areas.
Attributes to the President the power to declare any area as a Scheduled Area and powers 'with respect to the administration' of such areas, implying central involvement in administration.
One could reasonably look next at constitutional provisions or Fifth Schedule clauses to see if central powers include requisitioning reports (e.g., to the Home Ministry) rather than asking CM directly.
Notes statutory requirement for a tribal welfare minister in specific States that have Scheduled Areas, indicating state-level administrative structures for tribal affairs.
A student could infer that administration may be handled by state ministers or departments and therefore check whether reporting obligations (if any) are placed on those offices rather than the Chief Minister personally.
Explains that Article 244 and the Fifth Schedule govern Scheduled Areas in most states, pointing to where formal administrative rules (including possible reporting duties) would be found.
A student could examine Article 244 and the Fifth Schedule text (or authoritative commentary) to see whether they impose an annual reporting duty on Chief Ministers to the Union Home Ministry.
- [THE VERDICT]: Moderate. Statements 1 and 3 are standard Laxmikanth (Ch 42). Statement 2 is a specific detail often ignored in the 'Criteria' list.
- [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: Fifth Schedule (Article 244(1)) β Administration of Scheduled Areas (outside the four Sixth Schedule states).
- [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Memorize the 4 Criteria for Scheduled Areas: (1) Preponderance of tribal population, (2) Compactness and reasonable size, (3) Viable administrative entity (District, Block, or Taluk), (4) Economic backwardness. Also, note the Tribes Advisory Council (20 members, 3/4th ST MLAs).
- [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: Create a 'Protocol Map' for every Schedule. Who declares? (President). Who modifies boundaries? (President). Who reports? (Governor). To whom? (President). Who advises? (TAC). UPSC creates traps solely by breaking these specific links.
The Fifth Schedule grants the President express authority to declare, alter, or rescind Scheduled Area designations by order.
High-yield constitutional fact: mastering the Fifth Schedule's grant of power to the President clarifies centre-state special powers for tribal and backward areas. It connects to questions on Articles governing tribal administration and helps answer items on who can designate special administrative regions and how.
- Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 11: The Union Executive > Parliamentary safeguard. > p. 224
- Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 42: Scheduled and Tribal Areas > ADMINISTRATION OF SCHEDULED AREAS > p. 415
While the President declares Scheduled Areas, the Governor has power to notify exceptions or modifications in application of laws within those areas.
Important for distinguishing overlapping executive powers: helps solve questions comparing central and state-level instruments (orders vs notifications) and their limits under the Fifth Schedule; useful for MCQs and mains answers on federal distribution.
- Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 24: DISTRIBUTION OF LEGISLATIVE AND EXECUTIVE POWERS > Territorial Extent of Union and State Legislation. > p. 376
- Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 42: Scheduled and Tribal Areas > ADMINISTRATION OF SCHEDULED AREAS > p. 415
The Centre (via the President) has enhanced administrative roles for Scheduled Areas, including directing state administration and appointing commissions or councils.
Useful for essays and polity questions on special protections for tribal areas: links constitutional provisions to institutional responses (tribes advisory councils, commissions) and shows why central oversight exists β aids in framing arguments on federalism and protective legislation.
- Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 42: Scheduled and Tribal Areas > ADMINISTRATION OF SCHEDULED AREAS > p. 415
- Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 42: Scheduled and Tribal Areas > ADMINISTRATION OF SCHEDULED AREAS > p. 416
Declaration criteria recognise District (alongside Block/Thaluk) as a viable administrative entity for forming Scheduled Areas.
High-yield for constitutional and administrative questions: explains what units are legally relevant when identifying Scheduled Areas and helps answer items testing the scale of administrative units. Links to Panchayati Raj and PESA-related questions where unit-level applicability matters.
- Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 42: Scheduled and Tribal Areas > ADMINISTRATION OF SCHEDULED AREAS > p. 415
- Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 42: Scheduled and Tribal Areas > ADMINISTRATION OF SCHEDULED AREAS > p. 415
The Fifth Schedule deals with Scheduled Areas in most states, while the Sixth Schedule covers tribal areas administered as autonomous districts in certain Northeastern states.
Essential for questions on constitutional provisions for tribal administration and regional differences. Connects to topics on governance, special provisions for states, and local self-government exemptions/extensions (e.g., PESA).
- Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 20: ADMINISTRATION OF SCHEDULED AND TRIBAL AREAS > ADMINISTRATION OF SCHEDULED AND TRIBAL AREAS > p. 329
- Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 20: ADMINISTRATION OF SCHEDULED AND TRIBAL AREAS > ADMINISTRATION OF SCHEDULED AND TRIBAL AREAS > p. 330
Autonomous districts have district councils and exercise local administrative powers, indicating district as an operational governance unit in tribal/Scheduled Areas.
Useful for questions on decentralisation and tribal self-governance; explains how local institutions function within constitutional schedules and links to implementation issues under Fifth/Sixth Schedule provisions.
- Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 42: Scheduled and Tribal Areas > ADMINISTRATION OF TRIBAL AREAS > p. 417
- Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 20: ADMINISTRATION OF SCHEDULED AND TRIBAL AREAS > ADMINISTRATION OF SCHEDULED AND TRIBAL AREAS > p. 330
Declaring a Scheduled Area requires a viable administrative entity; Districts and Blocks are canonical units used for this purpose.
High-yield for UPSC questions on criteria for Scheduled Areas and tribal administration; links to governance and administrative geography and helps answer items asking which territorial units the Constitution or policy treats as basis for special status.
- Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 42: Scheduled and Tribal Areas > ADMINISTRATION OF SCHEDULED AREAS > p. 415
- Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 42: Scheduled and Tribal Areas > ADMINISTRATION OF SCHEDULED AREAS > p. 415
The Tribes Advisory Council (TAC) nuance: While the Fifth Schedule *mandates* a TAC in states with Scheduled Areas, it can *also* be established in states having Scheduled Tribes but *no* Scheduled Areas, if the President directs. This 'exception' is a future trap.
The 'Protocol Hierarchy' Hack: In constitutional matters regarding 'Special Areas', the communication channel is almost always Governor -> President. The Chief Minister is a political executive; the Governor is the constitutional link. A CM submitting a report to a *Ministry* (Home Ministry) lowers the CM's federal status to a subordinate. Constitutional reports go to the Constitutional Head (President).
Mains GS3 (Internal Security - LWE): The failure of the 'Governor's Report' mechanism and the non-implementation of PESA in Scheduled Areas are often cited as primary drivers of Naxalism. Use this administrative failure to substantiate answers on tribal alienation.