Question map
With reference to India's defence, consider the following pairs : I. Dornier-228 : Maritime patrol aircraft II. IL-76 : Supersonic combat aircraft III. C-17 Globe-master III : Military transport aircraft How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?
Explanation
The Dornier 228 is used by India for patrol and surveillance/reconnaissance operations[2], confirming it is a maritime patrol aircraft. Therefore, pair I is correctly matched.
The IL-76 (Ilyushin Il-76) is used by the Indian Air Force for strategic[4] airlift operations and is classified as a strategic airlifter[3], not a supersonic combat aircraft. It is a standard Soviet-Russian strategic-level transport aircraft[5]. Therefore, pair II is incorrectly matched.
The C-17 is listed among military platforms used by India along with other aircraft[6], and it is indeed a military transport aircraft (the C-17 Globemaster III is a well-known strategic airlifter). Therefore, pair III is correctly matched.
Since pairs I and III are correct while pair II is incorrect, only two pairs are correctly matched.
Sources- [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_active_Indian_military_aircraft
- [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_active_Indian_military_aircraft
- [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Air_Force
- [4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_active_Indian_military_aircraft
- [6] Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 16: India–Political Aspects > INDIA'S ROLE IN WORLD AFFAIRS > p. 59
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Full viewThis is a classic 'Functional Mismatch' trap. UPSC tests if you can distinguish a 'truck' (Transport) from a 'racecar' (Combat). While C-17 is in standard books like Majid Husain, the IL-76 statement relies on basic defence awareness—knowing that a heavy lifter cannot be a supersonic fighter.
This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.
- Statement 1: With reference to India's defence: Is the Dornier-228 classified and operated as a maritime patrol aircraft?
- Statement 2: With reference to India's defence: Is the Ilyushin IL-76 classified as a supersonic combat aircraft?
- Statement 3: With reference to India's defence: Is the C-17 Globemaster III classified and operated as a military transport aircraft?
- Explicitly lists the Dornier 228 under the Indian military aircraft inventory with the role 'Patrol / Surveillance'.
- Includes the Indian variant (228-201) and the number in service, indicating it is operated by India in that role.
- Shows the Dornier 228 in the active Indian military aircraft list with the role 'Patrol / Reconnaissance', i.e. a maritime patrol role.
- Specifies Indian variants (228-101/201) and numbers in service, demonstrating operation by India.
Lists Dornier DO-228 among Indian Airlines' fleet, showing the type exists in Indian civil aviation service.
A student could note that an aircraft type used civilly often has multiple variants (civil/military) and look up whether military versions or maritime variants of the DO-228 exist or are procured by defence services.
Explains Airport Authority of India operates both civil enclaves and defence airfields, indicating aircraft of a given type can be operated in civil or defence roles.
Combine this with knowledge of where Dornier-228s are based to check whether any are assigned to defence airfields (suggesting military/maritime use).
Describes India's extensive coastline and strategic maritime location, implying a practical need for maritime patrol capabilities.
Given the maritime security requirement, a student could investigate which small aircraft types (e.g., light turboprops like the DO-228) are typically used for maritime patrol and whether India equips DO-228s for that role.
Defines 'Defence of India' and explicitly lists naval, military and air forces, highlighting that maritime (naval) surveillance is a defence responsibility.
A student could use this to justify checking defence procurement records or service inventories (Navy/Coast Guard) for DO-228 maritime patrol variants.
- Explicitly labels the type and role: 'IL-76MD ... Role: Strategic Transp.' — showing it is a transport platform.
- Describes the Il-76 as a 'strategic-level transport aircraft' used to ferry cargo, troops and vehicles, which is inconsistent with being a supersonic combat aircraft.
- States the Il-76 is used 'for strategic airlift operations' by the IAF, identifying it as a transport aircraft in Indian service.
- An airlift/transport role directly contradicts classification as a supersonic combat aircraft.
- Tabular entry lists the Ilyushin Il-76 with role '[Strategic airlifter]', confirming its transport classification in active Indian military inventory.
- Being listed as a strategic airlifter is not compatible with being a supersonic combat aircraft.
Mentions 'HAL Tejas Light Combat Aircraft' as an example of defence manufacturing, distinguishing a class called 'Light Combat Aircraft' (i.e., combat aircraft) within defence sector examples.
A student can use this pattern (combat aircraft = category name) to check whether the IL-76 is listed as a combat aircraft or in a different category (e.g., transport) in standard aircraft reference sources.
Provides a concrete example of a fighter jet (MiG-21 Bison) used in combat operations, implying that fighter/combat jets are the type that engage in dogfights and are often supersonic.
A student can compare the role and typical speed class of MiG-21-style fighters with the IL-76 by consulting basic aircraft role descriptions to see if IL-76 matches 'fighter/supersonic' characteristics.
Defines supersonic aircraft by capability (examples: supersonic aircraft cover long distances much faster), giving a functional clue about what 'supersonic' means in aviation context.
A student can use this definition to test whether the IL-76's stated cruise/maximum speeds (from an external technical source) meet the supersonic threshold.
Lists the kinds of large passenger/transport aircraft used by Air India (B747, A310, etc.), indicating a recognizable class of large subsonic transport/airliner aircraft distinct from combat fighters.
A student can use this distinction to ask whether the IL-76 is more similar in role/size to these transports or to fighter jets like the MiG-21, helping eliminate or support the 'supersonic combat' label.
Describes civil aviation roles and fleet types (airport authority, carriers, licensing), underscoring that aircraft are classified by role (civil transport vs military combat).
A student can extend this role-based classification to check authoritative lists/classifications to see whether IL-76 is catalogued as a military transport or as a combat/supersonic aircraft.
- Explicitly lists 'C-17' among military platforms used by India.
- Context about installing secured communication equipment on those platforms implies active military use and operation.
- [THE VERDICT]: Manageable / Logical Trap. The C-17 is directly in Majid Husain (Ch 16), but the IL-76 statement is the real key—it's a 'Common Sense' eliminator for serious aspirants.
- [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: Defence Technology > Indian Air Force Inventory > Classification by Role (Combat vs. Transport vs. Surveillance).
- [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Memorize the 'Big 4' categories: 1. Fighters (Rafale, Su-30MKI, Tejas, MiG-29); 2. Transports (C-17, C-130J, IL-76, C-295); 3. Helicopters (Apache-Attack, Chinook-Heavy Lift, Dhruv-Utility); 4. Surveillance (P-8I Poseidon, Netra AEW&C).
- [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: Do not just read news about 'deals'. Create a simple 3-column table: [Platform Name] | [Origin Country] | [Primary Function]. The exam swaps the 'Function' column to create traps.
Indian Airlines' fleet listing includes 18 Dornier DO-228 aircraft, showing clear civil operation of this type in India.
High-yield for UPSC as it trains aspirants to distinguish between civilian fleet composition and military roles; helps eliminate incorrect assertions that a type is solely military when evidence shows civil operation. Connects to questions on civil aviation assets, fleet management and inter-ministerial roles.
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > various parts of India. Some of these flights operate between India and the Gulf countries. > p. 32
The Airport Authority of India and Ministry of Civil Aviation manage civil airports and aviation policy, while defence responsibilities include armed forces and air force functions.
Important for UPSC because classification and operation of aircraft can depend on whether they fall under civil or defence administration; mastering this helps answer questions on governance, jurisdiction and asset roles across ministries.
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > Civil Aviation > p. 30
- Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 35: TABLES > List III-Concurrent List. > p. 548
Supersonic aircraft provide very high-speed long‑distance travel (example reference to transatlantic supersonic travel), which is the key property invoked by the phrase 'supersonic'.
High-yield for UPSC because speed categories (supersonic vs subsonic) determine an aircraft's role and capabilities; connects to questions on aviation technology, defence logistics, and platform capabilities. Mastering this helps answer classification and capability-based questions about specific aircraft.
- FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: Transport and Communication > Fig. 7.15: An Aeroplane at Salsburg Airport > p. 66
Combat aircraft are designed for fighting (example: Light Combat Aircraft), whereas transport aircraft perform logistical and troop/equipment movement roles; knowing role distinctions is necessary to classify an aircraft like the IL-76.
Essential for UPSC because many defence questions require distinguishing platform roles (fighter, bomber, transport, tanker); links to defence procurement, indigenisation, and operational employment topics. Helps in eliminative reasoning on statements claiming a platform is a 'combat' type.
- Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 7: Indian Economy after 2014 > Challenges faced by the "Make in India" Initiative > p. 231
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > Civil Aviation > p. 30
Civil aviation fleet composition and the institutional separation of civil enclaves and defence airfields illustrate the operational separation between civilian and military aviation assets.
Useful for UPSC aspirants to contextualise where different aircraft operate (civil airports vs defence airfields), informing questions on basing, logistics, and fleet roles; connects civil aviation policy to defence planning and infrastructure questions.
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > Air Sewa > p. 31
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > Civil Aviation > p. 30
Classification and operation of platforms such as the C-17 fall under the concept of military transport aircraft in India's inventory.
High-yield for defence questions: helps identify roles (transport, tanker, fighter, recon) of specific aircraft and assess strategic airlift capability; links to logistics, force projection, and disaster relief scenarios that UPSC may ask about.
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 16: India–Political Aspects > INDIA'S ROLE IN WORLD AFFAIRS > p. 59
Distinguishing civil aviation administration from military platforms clarifies whether an aircraft is operated as a military asset or a civil airliner.
Important for questions on aviation policy and infrastructure: enables clear answers about jurisdiction (AAI/Ministry of Civil Aviation) versus defence operations and airbases; useful in interdisciplinary questions on security and infrastructure.
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > Civil Aviation > p. 30
Since C-17 and Dornier were asked, the next logical target is the **C-295** (replacing the Avro HS-748) or the **P-8I Poseidon** (specifically its anti-submarine warfare capability). Also, watch out for **S-400** being confused with an aircraft (it is a Surface-to-Air Missile system).
Apply the 'Physics of Adjectives'. 'Supersonic' means faster than sound. This requires a sleek, aerodynamic design (like a fighter jet). The IL-76 is a massive strategic lifter (a flying truck). Physics dictates that heavy cargo planes are almost never supersonic. If you visualize the plane, the statement 'IL-76 : Supersonic' becomes an obvious absurdity.
Link this to **GS-3 Internal Security & Disaster Management**. Strategic airlift assets like C-17 and IL-76 are critical not just for war, but for **HADR (Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief)** and rapid troop mobilization to borders (e.g., Ladakh standoff).