Question map
Consider the following statements: 1. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in India are less than 0.5 t CO₂/capita. 2. In terms of CO₂ emissions from fuel combustion, India ranks second in Asia-Pacific region. 3. Electricity and heat producers are the largest sources of CO₂ emissions in India. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Explanation
The correct answer is option C (Statements II and III only).
**Statement I is incorrect:** India's per capita CO₂ emissions are not less than 0.5 t CO₂/capita. According to recent data, India's per capita emissions are higher than this threshold, though still significantly lower than many developed nations and even some Asia-Pacific countries like China and Australia.
**Statement II is correct:** The Asia-Pacific region accounts for more than 62 per cent of CO₂ emissions[1] from fuel combustion, and within this region, China is the largest emitter followed by India. India therefore ranks second in the Asia-Pacific region for CO₂ emissions from fuel combustion.
**Statement III is correct:** Across all sectors, electricity and heat production are the largest sources—contributing about 40% of emissions—followed by manufacturing (18%); agriculture, land use change, and forestry (13%); and transport (about 6%)[2]. This pattern holds true for India as part of the Asia-Pacific region, making electricity and heat producers the largest source of CO₂ emissions.
Therefore, only statements II and III are correct.
Sources- [1] https://repository.unescap.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12870/6369/ESCAP-2023-FS-Closing-gap-SDG-7-Asia-Pacific-Region.pdf?sequence=3
- [2] https://library.sprep.org/sites/default/files/2025-07/energy-transition-readiness-developing-asia-pacific.pdf
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Guest previewThis question tests your 'Order of Magnitude' sense rather than rote memorization. Statement 1 is a trap designed to be eliminated by basic NCERT reading (which cites 0.9t in 2000). Statement 3 is a structural reality of the Indian economy (Coal is King). If you know India isn't an LDC (0.5t is extremely low), the answer reveals itself.
This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.
- Statement 1: Are India's per capita carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions less than 0.5 t CO₂ per capita?
- Statement 2: What is India's rank within the Asia-Pacific region for CO₂ emissions from fuel combustion?
- Statement 3: Are electricity and heat production the largest source category of CO₂ emissions in India?
Gives explicit historical and projected per‑capita CO₂ figures for India (0.9 t in 2000, projected 1.6 t in 2030) and a world average (3.8 t in 2000).
A student can compare these India figures with a contemporary world average per‑capita CO₂ (from a reputable source) to judge whether India is below 0.5 t today or has risen above it.
States a simple per‑head CO₂ number for India: 'only one metric tonne per head per annum.'
Treat this as an example estimate to test against current official national CO₂ per‑capita statistics to see if India is above or below 0.5 t.
Provides a contrasting example claim that an Indian citizen 'barely reaches 0.5 tons,' highlighting that some sources place India near the 0.5 t threshold.
A student could use this as a hypothesis that India ≈0.5 t and seek recent time‑series data to confirm whether India is below 0.5 t now or has surpassed it.
Notes India’s per‑capita emissions are 'about a third of the global average' and gives India's total emissions (3.9 billion tCO2e in 2019), linking per‑capita fractions to global averages.
If the student knows/looks up the global per‑capita CO₂ value, they can multiply by ~1/3 to estimate India’s per‑capita figure and compare to 0.5 t.
States India’s energy consumption per capita is 'just 30% of the world average,' implying lower fossil‑fuel use per person and thus lower per‑capita CO₂ relative to the world average.
A student can combine this percentage with a known world per‑capita CO₂ figure to approximate India's per‑capita emissions and test the 0.5 t threshold.
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