UPSC Mains 2025 GS1 Q11 — Social Reformers
Mahatma Jotirao Phule's writings and efforts of social reforms touched issues of almost all subaltern classes. Discuss. (Answer in 250 words)
Question Decoded — examiner's intent
- Directive verbs
- Discuss
- Scope keywords
- Mahatma Jotirao Phule's writingsefforts of social reformstouched issuesalmost all subaltern classes
- Implicit sub-parts
- What specific literary works addressed different marginalized groups?
- How did his reforms bridge the gap between caste and gender discrimination?
- In what ways did his movement encompass the issues of the peasantry (Shudras) alongside the untouchables (Ati-Shudras)?
- How did his critique of religious texts provide a foundation for subaltern consciousness?
- Common pitfalls
- Limiting the answer to only Satyashodhak Samaj without mentioning specific writings like Gulamgiri or Shetkaryacha Asud.
- Ignoring his contribution to women's education and rights as part of the 'subaltern' category.
- Failing to define 'subaltern' in the context of Phule's work (Dalits, Shudras, women, and the laboring poor).
- Focusing purely on the 'social' aspect while ignoring his economic critique of colonial and upper-caste exploitation of farmers.
- Dimensions required
- Educational ReformCaste Hierarchy CritiqueAgrarian/Economic ReformsGender JusticeReligious/Cultural Revolution
- Marks allocation hint
Spend approximately 50 words defining Phule's subaltern philosophy. Dedicate 150 words to a multi-dimensional analysis of his reforms covering Shudras, Ati-Shudras, and women, citing specific texts for each. Use the final 50 words to conclude on his legacy as the 'Father of Indian Social Revolution'.
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