UPSC Mains 2025 GS3 Q6 — Energy independence, Biotechnology
How can India achieve energy independence through clean technology by 2047? How can biotechnology can play a crucial role in this endeavour? (Answer in 150 words)
Question Decoded — examiner's intent
- Directive verbs
- How can
- Scope keywords
- energy independenceclean technology2047biotechnologycrucial role
- Implicit sub-parts
- The multi-modal roadmap of clean technology beyond just renewables (EVs, Green Hydrogen, CCUS) required for 2047.
- Specific applications of biotechnology in the energy sector (biofuels, microbial fuel cells, waste-to-energy).
- The synergy between the 'National Green Hydrogen Mission' and 'Bio-E3 Policy' to achieve self-reliance.
- Common pitfalls
- Focusing too much on solar and wind power while ignoring the specific mention of biotechnology.
- Failing to mention the 2047 timeline (Centenary of Independence/Amrit Kaal) which implies long-term strategic depth.
- Providing a generic essay on pollution instead of specific 'Clean Tech' and 'Biotech' solutions like 2G/3G ethanol or algae-based fuels.
- Ignoring the 'independence' aspect, which requires discussing the reduction of oil/gas import bills.
- Dimensions required
- Technological (innovation in fuel generations)Economic (import substitution and energy security)Environmental (Net Zero commitments)Policy/Regulatory (National Biofuel Policy, SATAT scheme)
- Marks allocation hint
Allocate approximately 60-70 words to the broader clean technology roadmap including Green Hydrogen and Grid integration. Devote the remaining 80-90 words specifically to the biotechnology section, as it is a specialized sub-requirement, ensuring you mention 1G to 4G biofuels and biomass gasification.
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