UPSC Mains 2025 GS3 Q7 — Environment, CCUS
What is Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS)? What is the potential role of CCUS in tackling climate change? (Answer in 150 words)
Question Decoded — examiner's intent
- Directive verbs
- What is
- Scope keywords
- Carbon Capture, Utilization and StorageCCUSpotential roletackling climate change
- Implicit sub-parts
- Technical definition of the CCUS value chain (Capture from source, Transport, Usage/Sequestration).
- Differentiation between 'Utilization' (e.g., EOR, chemicals) and 'Storage' (geological formations).
- Relevance for Hard-to-Abate sectors like steel, cement, and chemicals.
- Role in achieving Net Zero targets and negative emissions (BECCS).
- Common pitfalls
- Focusing only on 'Capture' while ignoring the 'Utilization' (circular economy) aspect.
- Confusing CCUS with natural carbon sinks like forests (afforestation).
- Failing to mention specific industrial sectors where electrification is not viable.
- Ignoring the high cost and energy intensity as a barrier to its 'potential role'.
- Providing a generic essay on global warming without explaining the 'how' of the technology.
- Dimensions required
- Technological/ScientificIndustrial/EconomicEnvironmental/EcologicalGlobal Policy (Paris Agreement/Net Zero)
- Marks allocation hint
Dedicate approximately 40-50 words to a precise definition and the three-stage process of CCUS. Use the remaining 100 words to detail its role across hard-to-abate sectors, blue hydrogen production, and carbon removal, briefly touching upon economic viability as a factor in its potential.
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