UPSC Mains 2018 GS3 Q16 — Nuclear Energy
With growing energy needs should India keep on expanding its nuclear energy programme? Discuss the facts and fears associated with nuclear energy. (Answer in 250 words)
Question Decoded — examiner's intent
- Directive verbs
- Discuss
- Scope keywords
- growing energy needsexpanding its nuclear energy programmefactsfears
- Implicit sub-parts
- The necessity of nuclear energy in achieving Net Zero targets and base-load stability.
- Technological and economic 'facts' regarding India's 3-stage program and current capacity.
- Socio-environmental 'fears' including radiation leaks, waste management, and land acquisition.
- A balanced evaluation of whether the expansion is justified despite the costs and risks.
- Common pitfalls
- Focusing too much on nuclear disasters like Chernobyl/Fukushima without mentioning Indian safety protocols.
- Ignoring the high capital cost and long gestation periods as a 'fact' against rapid expansion.
- Vague discussion on energy without mentioning specific Indian contexts like the Thorium cycle or the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act.
- Failing to link nuclear energy to the 'Panchamrit' targets and transition away from coal.
- Dimensions required
- Environmental (Decarbonization)Economic (Capital vs Operational costs)Geopolitical (NSG, energy security)Technological (Thorium vs Uranium)Safety and Social (Public perception)
- Marks allocation hint
Allocate 50 words to the rationale for expansion based on energy demand. Devote 150 words equally to a balanced 'Facts vs Fears' analysis, ensuring technical data and safety concerns are both represented. Conclude with 50 words on a forward-looking stance regarding a diversified energy mix and the strategic importance of the Three-Stage Program.
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