UPSC Mains 2018 GS3 Q18 — Disaster Management
Describe various measures taken in India for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) before and after signing 'Sendai Framework for DRR (2015-2030)'. How is this framework different from 'Hyogo Framework for Action, 2005'? (Answer in 250 words)
Question Decoded — examiner's intent
- Directive verbs
- DescribeHow is this framework different
- Scope keywords
- Measures taken in IndiaDisaster Risk Reduction (DRR)Sendai Framework for DRR (2015-2030)Hyogo Framework for Action, 2005
- Implicit sub-parts
- Evolution of India's legislative and institutional architecture prior to 2015 (pre-Sendai era).
- Shift in India's strategy from reactive relief to proactive risk reduction post-2015 (Sendai alignment).
- Comparative analysis of Hyogo's 'Building Resilience' vs Sendai's 'Preventing New Risk' philosophy.
- Specific Indian initiatives that mirror Sendai's four Priorities for Action.
- Common pitfalls
- Listing general disaster management steps without distinguishing between the pre-2015 and post-2015 policy shifts.
- Ignoring the Disaster Management Act, 2005, which is the bedrock of the pre-Sendai phase.
- Failing to mention the 'National Disaster Management Plan (2016)' which was India's first plan aligned with Sendai.
- Confusing the frameworks by not highlighting that Sendai includes man-made hazards and 'Build Back Better' more explicitly than Hyogo.
- Dimensions required
- Legislative/InstitutionalTechnological/Early WarningComparative Policy AnalysisInternational AlignmentCommunity-based Resilience
- Marks allocation hint
Spend approximately 100 words describing India's measures, divided equally between the pre-2015 (DM Act, NDMA) and post-2015 (NDMP 2016, CDRI, 10-point agenda) phases. Use the remaining 150 words for a crisp comparison between Hyogo and Sendai, focusing on the shift from disaster management to risk management, and conclude with India's leadership in the global DRR landscape.
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