UPSC Mains 2016 GS2 Q8 — Quasi-judicial bodies

• Definition of a quasi-judicial body and its distinction from purely executive or judicial bodies.
• The constitutional or statutory basis under which these bodies are established.
• Essential powers and characteristics (e.g., summoning, oath-taking, rule of natural justice).
• Specific real-world examples categorized by their domain (e.g., environment, finance, human rights).
• Brief rationale for their existence (speedy justice, technical expertise, reduced burden on courts).

• Confusing quasi-judicial bodies with standard statutory bodies that only have advisory powers.
• Failing to mention the 'Principles of Natural Justice' which are the bedrock of quasi-judicial functioning.
• Providing a list of bodies without explaining 'how' they are quasi-judicial (i.e., their specific adjudicatory powers).
• Over-explaining the definition at the cost of the 'concrete examples' requested by the examiner.

Devote approximately 40-50 words to a precise definition emphasizing powers of a civil court. Use 100-120 words to detail 3-4 concrete examples like NGT, SEBI, or NHRC, highlighting their specific adjudicatory roles. Reserve the final 30-40 words for a concluding thought on their role in reducing judicial pendency.