GS2 2016 Q10 12 marks 200 words Governance

UPSC Mains 2016 GS2 Q10 — Governance

"In the Indian governance system, the role of non-state actors has been only marginal." Critically examine this statement. (Answer in 200 words)

Question Decoded — examiner's intent

Directive verbs
Critically examine
Scope keywords
Indian governance systemrole of non-state actorsonly marginal
Implicit sub-parts
  • Identify major categories of non-state actors (NGOs, SHGs, pressure groups, private sector) in India.
  • Arguments for why their role might be perceived as marginal (regulatory constraints, funding issues, state-centric approach).
  • Evidence showing their substantial impact (policy advocacy, service delivery, accountability) to challenge the 'marginal' claim.
  • The evolving nature of the state-NSAs relationship in the digital/modern era.
Common pitfalls
  • Focusing only on NGOs and ignoring the private sector, civil society, or media as non-state actors.
  • Writing a one-sided essay confirming they are marginal instead of 'critically' examining the validity of the claim.
  • Failing to mention specific examples like SEWA, Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan (MKSS), or NASSCOM.
  • Discussing NGOs solely in the context of FCRA controversies without looking at their governance contributions.
Dimensions required
Policy FormulationSocial Welfare & Service DeliveryDemocratic AccountabilityEconomic ImpactRegulatory & Legal Framework
Marks allocation hint

Dedicate 40 words to defining NSAs and acknowledging the premise. Allocate 60 words to discuss the 'marginal' view (constraints/limitations). Spend 80 words providing robust evidence of their significant, non-marginal impact across sectors. Conclude in 20 words with a balanced view on the synergistic partnership between state and non-state actors.

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