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Option 1: Proteins
Proteins are digested mainly in the stomach and small intestine by enzymes such as pepsin and trypsin, not in the mouth. Therefore, option 1 is incorrect.
Option 2: Starch
The saliva secreted in the mouth contains an enzyme called amylase, which begins the digestion of starch. Amylase breaks down starch into smaller sugar molecules (such as maltose), preparing it for further digestion in the small intestine. Therefore, option 2 is correct.
Option 3: Fats
The digestion of fats mainly occurs in the small intestine with the help of bile and pancreatic enzymes, not in the mouth. Therefore, option 3 is incorrect.
Option 4: Vitamins
Saliva does not contain any enzymes for the digestion of vitamins. Vitamins are mainly absorbed in the small intestine, not digested in the mouth. Therefore, option 4 is incorrect.
In conclusion, the correct answer is option 2: Starch.