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Insufficient blood supply in the human body is referred to as ischemia. Ischemia occurs when there is a restriction or blockage in the blood vessels, leading to an inadequate supply of oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and organs. This can be caused by various factors such as blood clots, narrowing of the arteries, or constriction of blood vessels. Ischemia can lead to tissue damage and, if left untreated, can result in serious health conditions such as heart attacks or strokes. It is important to diagnose and treat ischemia promptly to restore blood flow and prevent further damage. It is worth noting that hyperemia (option 2) refers to an excessive supply of blood to a specific area, hemostasis (option 3) refers to the process of stopping bleeding, and hemorrhage (option 4) refers to excessive bleeding.