The correct answer is option 1: Centralisation. Centralisation refers to the concentration of power and decision-making authority in a central authority or entity, such as the government. It can hinder liberty and independence because it limits individual freedoms and autonomy. When power is heavily concentrated in a central authority, it may result in less power and control for individuals and local communities. Centralisation can lead to uniformity and standardization, which may restrict diverse perspectives and limit the ability of individuals and communities to make decisions that are best suited to their specific needs and circumstances. Therefore, centralisation is seen as a hindrance to liberty and independence because it reduces individual and local autonomy and increases dependence on a central authority.