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The most distinguished ruler of the Chalukyan dynasty was Pulakesin II. Although the other rulers mentioned in the options, namely Jayasimha II, Vikramaditya VI, and Somesvara II, were also important rulers, Pulakesin II stood out for his achievements. Pulakesin II was the greatest ruler of the Chalukyan dynasty and is considered one of the most powerful kings in South Indian history. He expanded the kingdom`s territories through successful military campaigns, making the Chalukyas a dominant force in the Deccan region. Pulakesin II also built numerous temples and encouraged arts and literature. He is particularly known for his victory against the Pallavas in the Battle of Vatapi, which established the Chalukya dynasty as a major power in South India. Therefore, option 4, Pulakesin II, is the correct answer.