The correct answer is option 1, Mussolini. Fascism was a political ideology that emerged in the early 20th century, and Benito Mussolini was its chief advocate. Mussolini was an Italian dictator who ruled the country from 1922 to 1943. He founded the National Fascist Party and implemented policies that emphasized authoritarian rule, militarism, and nationalism. Mussolini believed in the supremacy of the state and sought to create an autocratic regime that controlled all aspects of society. His leadership style and ideology greatly influenced other fascist movements around the world, including Adolf Hitler`s Nazi Party in Germany. It is important to note that while Hitler is often associated with fascism, Mussolini was the primary figure responsible for its development and popularization.