The Gondwana rocks are considered the most important rock systems of India because more than 90% of India`s coal reserves are found in them. The Gondwana rocks were formed during the Permian and Triassic periods and are named after the Gondwana region of central India. These rocks are mainly composed of sedimentary rocks, including sandstone, shale, and limestone, which were formed from the deposition of organic materials such as plant debris and animal remains over millions of years. The organic materials were buried under sediment and were subjected to high pressure and temperature, which resulted in the formation of coal. The Gondwana coalfields are spread across several states in India, including Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, and Madhya Pradesh. Coal is an important source of energy for India, and the Gondwana coal reserves are a significant contributor to the country`s energy needs.