The outermost range of the Himalayas is called the Shivaliks (option 2). The Shivaliks are the lowest range of the Himalayan mountain system and are located at the foothills of the Himalayas. They stretch across the northern part of India, from the state of Jammu and Kashmir in the west to the state of Arunachal Pradesh in the east. The Shivaliks are characterized by their relatively low height and gentle slopes compared to the higher ranges of the Himalayas. They are composed of sedimentary rocks, including sandstone and clay, and are known for their rich biodiversity. The Shivaliks play an important role in the region`s ecosystem, providing habitat for various wildlife species and serving as a barrier against erosion from the higher ranges.