In the nature, which of the following is/are most likely to be found surviving on a surface without soil? 1. Fern 2. Lichen 3. Moss 4. Mushroom Select the correct answer using the code given below.

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Q: (IAS/2021)
In the nature, which of the following is/are most likely to be found surviving on a surface without soil?
1. Fern
2. Lichen
3. Moss
4. Mushroom
Select the correct answer using the code given below.

question_subject: 

Ecology

question_exam: 

IAS

stats: 

0,156,192,20,30,243,55

keywords: 

{'soil': [7, 0, 4, 7], 'lichen': [1, 0, 0, 0], 'moss': [1, 0, 0, 2], 'mushroom': [0, 0, 1, 0], 'fern': [2, 0, 0, 4], 'nature': [5, 1, 15, 25], 'surface': [1, 0, 0, 0]}

Lichens and mosses are the two types of organisms that can survive on a surface without soil.

Lichens are interesting organisms, which are composed of a fungus and an algae living in a symbiotic relationship. This relationship allows them to survive in harsh environments, including on rocks without soil. They can absorb water and nutrients from rainwater, air, and dust.

Mosses, on the other hand, does not have true roots but instead has threadlike rhizoids that they use to attach to surfaces and absorb water. Like lichens, they are also capable of surviving on rocks, tree trunks, and other places where there is no soil.

Ferns and mushrooms require soil to thrive. Ferns need soil to provides the nutrients and water they need for growth. Mushrooms, being a type of fungi, also typically grow in soil, as they feed on decaying organic matter that`s usually found in soil.

Therefore, option 3 (Lichen and Moss) is the correct choice.