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Option 1: Japan. Japan did not adopt a new constitution in 2008. The current constitution of Japan was adopted in 1947, after World War II.
Option 3: Maldives. Maldives did indeed adopt a new constitution in 2008. The new constitution aimed to pursue a modern, multi-party democratic system. It also granted more power to the judiciary and legislature, promoting a system of checks and balances.
Option 4: Singapore. Singapore did not adopt a new constitution in 2008. Singapore has been governed under the same constitution since gaining independence in 1965.
The correct answer is option 2: Bhutan. Bhutan adopted a new constitution in 2008. This move was aimed at transitioning from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy, establishing a parliamentary democracy. The new constitution increased the role of the judiciary and legislature, decentralizing power and promoting a more democratic system in Bhutan.