The correct answer is option 2: Partition of Bengal.

The Swadeshi movement was a part of India`s struggle for independence against British colonial rule. It was a movement that aimed to promote Indian goods and boycott British products.

The immediate cause of the Swadeshi movement was the partition of Bengal by the British in 1905. The Bengal Presidency, which was a major political and administrative unit in British India, was divided into two separate provinces: Bengal and East Bengal and Assam. The partition was a deliberate move by the British to create divisions among the Hindus and Muslims in Bengal and weaken the growing nationalist movement.

The partition of Bengal was seen as a blatant attempt to undermine the unity of the Indian people and it sparked widespread outrage and protests. People from all walks of life, including students, intellectuals, and political leaders, rallied against the partition and started advocating for the use of Swadeshi (indigenous) goods as a means to assert Indian identity and resist British economic control.

Therefore, the partition of Bengal was the immediate cause that led to the emergence of the Swadeshi movement in India.