Option 1: Miller - This option is incorrect. Stanley Miller is known for his famous Miller-Urey experiment in 1952 which simulated the conditions of early Earth and produced several organic compounds, but he did not propose the theory that life could have arisen from nonliving organic molecules.
Option 2: Oparin and Haldane - This option is correct. Aleksandr Oparin and J.B.S. Haldane were both scientists who independently proposed the theory of chemical evolution in the early 20th century. They suggested that life could have originated from nonliving organic molecules in the primitive Earth`s atmosphere, under conditions such as lightning and volcanic activity.
Option 3: Darwin - This option is incorrect. Charles Darwin is well-known for his theory of evolution by natural selection, which explains how species evolve and adapt over time. However, he did not propose the specific theory that life could have arisen from nonliving organic molecules.
Option 4: Louis Pasteur - This option is incorrect. Louis Pasteur is famous for his experiments disproving spontaneous generation, which was the popular belief at the time that life could arise spontaneously from nonliving matter. Pasteur`s work supported the theory of biogenesis, which states that living organisms can only arise from pre-existing living