Which one of the following Constitutional Amendments has enormously strengthened the powers of the Speaker/Chairman of the Houses of the Parliament/State Legislatures?

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Q: 72 (CAPF/2018)

Which one of the following Constitutional Amendments has enormously strengthened the powers of the Speaker/Chairman of the Houses of the Parliament/State Legislatures?

question_subject: 

Polity

question_exam: 

CAPF

stats: 

0,75,30,9,75,18,3

keywords: 

{'constitutional amendments': [1, 0, 1, 3], '61st amendment': [0, 0, 0, 1], '73rd amendment': [0, 1, 0, 1], '44th amendment': [1, 0, 1, 0], '42nd amendment': [2, 0, 0, 2], '52nd amendment': [0, 0, 0, 2], 'panchayat bodies': [0, 0, 0, 2], 'extensive powers': [0, 0, 0, 1], 'parliament': [15, 1, 3, 8], 'voting age': [1, 0, 0, 0], 'state legislatures': [6, 4, 2, 15], 'powers': [0, 0, 0, 1], 'provisions': [0, 0, 0, 1], 'repealing': [0, 0, 0, 1], 'chairman': [0, 0, 3, 5], 'speaker': [1, 1, 0, 0]}

Option 1, the 61st Amendment, which reduced the voting age from 21 to 18 years, does not strengthen the powers of the Speaker/Chairman of the Houses of Parliament/State Legislatures. This amendment is related to the eligibility criteria for voting and does not directly impact the powers of the Speaker/Chairman.

Option 2, the Anti-defection provisions of the 52nd Amendment, is the correct answer. This amendment introduced several provisions to prevent elected representatives from defecting to other parties. It gave the Speaker/Chairman the authority to disqualify members of Parliament/State Legislatures if they voluntarily give up their membership of a political party or vote against the party`s whip. This strengthens the powers of the Speaker/Chairman by allowing them to uphold party discipline and maintain the stability of the government.

Option 3, the repealing of many provisions of the 42nd Amendment by the 44th Amendment, does not specifically strengthen the powers of the Speaker/Chairman of the Houses of Parliament/State Legislatures. The 44th Amendment primarily focused on restoring fundamental rights and limiting the power of the executive, and did not directly impact the powers of the Speaker/Chairman.

Option 4, the 73rd Amendment

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