Assertion (A) : The effect of labour participation in the Indian nationalist upsurge of the early 1930 s was weak. Reason (R) : The labour leaders considered the ideology of Indian National Congress as bourgeois and reactionary.

The correct answer is Option 1. Both statements are individually true, and the Reason (R) provides a logically sound explanation for the Assertion (A).

During the early 1930s, specifically during the Civil Disobedience Movement, the participation of the organized working class was significantly weaker compared to the Non-Cooperation era. While Sholapur saw a brief uprising, major industrial hubs like Bombay and Calcutta did not witness a sustained mass labor surge in support of the Congress.

The primary reason for this apathy was the ideological shift within labor leadership. By the late 1920s, the Communist and Left-wing influence over trade unions (like the AITUC) had grown. These leaders viewed the Indian National Congress as a "bourgeois" (pro-capitalist) organization that prioritized the interests of Indian industrialists over the proletariat. Consequently, they remained suspicious of Gandhi’s methods and the Congress’s ideology, leading to a strategic dissociation that weakened labor's role in the nationalist upsurge of that period.