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Chronologically arrange the following treaties/conventions signed between the Marathas and the British (starting with the earliest): 1. Treaty of Salbai 2. Treaty of Purandar 3. Convention of Wadgaon 4. Treaty of Surat Select the correct answer using the code given below :
Explanation
The chronological sequence of these treaties occurs during the First Anglo-Maratha War (1775–1782). The conflict began with the Treaty of Surat in March 1775, signed between Raghunathrao and the British Bombay Council. This was followed by the Treaty of Purandar in 1776, signed by the Calcutta Council which disapproved of the Surat agreement. Hostilities resumed, leading to the British defeat at Wadgaon, where the Convention of Wadgaon was signed in January 1779. Finally, the war concluded with the Treaty of Salbai in May 1782, which established peace for twenty years [1]. While a Treaty of Purandar also exists from 1665 between Shivaji and the Mughals, in the context of Anglo-Maratha relations, the 1776 treaty is the relevant milestone. Thus, the correct order is 4-2-3-1.
Sources
- [1] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 5: Expansion and Consolidation of British Power in India > Course of War > p. 103