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Q9 (IAS/2002) Geography › World Physical Geography › Atmospheric moisture Answer Verified

Consider the following climatic and geographical phenomena: 1. Condensation 2. High temperature and humidity 3. Orography 4. Vertical wind Thunder Cloud development is due to which of these phenomena?

Result
Your answer: —  Â·  Correct: D
Explanation

Thundercloud (cumulonimbus) development requires moisture, an energy source (warm air) and a lifting mechanism. Condensation releases latent heat which warms the parcel and intensifies updrafts, allowing clouds to grow vertically [1]. High temperature with high humidity supplies the warm, moist air and buoyancy necessary for strong convection and thermal thunderstorms [2]. Orographic forcing can provide the uplift trigger when moist air is forced over terrain, producing orographic thunderstorms [3]. Vertical winds/updrafts are the direct dynamical mechanism that initiates and sustains cumulonimbus growth. Thus all four listed phenomena contribute to thundercloud formation [4].

Sources

  1. [1] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 25: Thunderstorm > Stage 2: Mature stage > p. 343
  2. [2] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 25: Thunderstorm > Stage 1: Cumulus Stage > p. 342
  3. [3] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 24: Hydrological Cycle (Water Cycle) > Orographic Rainfall > p. 339
  4. [4] Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 4: Climate of India > THUNDERSTORMS > p. 29
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