The paragraph describes a folk and art form of India that is characterized by women primarily engaged in its creation. It is mentioned that these paintings do not depict mythological characters or deities, but instead focus on depicting social life. The paintings are said to be created in a loose rhythmic pattern, resembling pre-historic cave paintings, and are typically found painted in white on mud walls. The scenes depicted in these paintings include human beings and animals engaged in various activities such as hunting, dancing, sowing, and harvesting.

Stylistically, these paintings are recognized by the fact that they are painted on a simple mud base using mainly one color, white, with occasional dots in red and yellow. The white color is obtained by grinding rice into a white powder.

Based on these characteristics, the correct answer is option 2: Madhubani painting. It is a traditional art form originating from the Mithila region in Bihar, India, and is predominantly created by women. Madhubani paintings are known for their intricate detailing and vibrant use of colors, depicting a range of subjects from daily life to nature and mythology.