Consider the following surface winds : 1. Doldrums 2. Trade winds 3. Westerlies 4. Polar winds Which one among the following is the idealized global pattern of these winds from the Equator to the Pole?

The idealized global pattern of surface winds from the Equator to the Pole follows a sequence based on permanent pressure belts. At the Equator (0–5 latitude), the Doldrums (Intertropical Convergence Zone) exist as a low-pressure zone of calm air and ascending currents [5]. Moving poleward, the Trade Winds blow from the subtropical high-pressure belts (around 30 N/S) toward the Equator [2]. Further poleward, in the mid-latitudes (30–60 N/S), the Westerlies prevail, blowing from the subtropical highs toward the sub-polar lows [5]. Finally, the Polar Winds (Polar Easterlies) originate from the high-pressure polar areas and blow toward the sub-polar low-pressure belts [5]. Thus, the sequence from Equator to Pole is Doldrums, Trade Winds, Westerlies, and Polar Winds, corresponding to the order 1-2-3-4.

Sources

1. [1] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 23: Pressure Systems and Wind System > Equatorial Low-Pressure Belt or 'Doldrums' > p. 311
2. [5] Certificate Physical and Human Geography , GC Leong (Oxford University press 3rd ed.) > Chapter 14: Climate > Pressure and Planetary Winds > p. 139
3. [2] INDIA PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT, Geography Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 4: Climate > Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) > p. 30
4. [3] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 23: Pressure Systems and Wind System > The Westerlies > p. 319
5. [4] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 23: Pressure Systems and Wind System > The Polar Easterlies > p. 320