In a dispersion process using a prism, white light is separated into its component colors forming a spectrum. Each color in the spectrum has a different wavelength, with the shortest wavelength corresponding to the color violet.

Option 1 states that the light wave with the shortest wavelength refracts the most. Refraction is the bending of light as it passes through a medium, and in the case of a prism, different colors of light refract at different angles due to their varying wavelengths. The shorter the wavelength, the more the light is bent or refracted. Therefore, option 1 is correct.

Option 2 suggests that the light wave with the shortest wavelength does not change its path. However, this is incorrect. In a prism, all colors of light change their path as they refract and separate from each other.

Option 3 states that the light wave with the shortest wavelength refracts the least. This is incorrect because, as mentioned before, shorter wavelengths experience more refraction.

Option 4 suggests that the light wave with the shortest wavelength is reflected by the side of the prism. However, reflection occurs when light bounces off a surface, and in the case of a prism, it is the refraction, not reflection, of light that separates the colors. Therefore, option