During India's Freedom Struggle, which one among the following was formed earliest?

The Communist Party of India (CPI) was the earliest formed among the given options. It was founded on October 17, 1920, in Tashkent [t5], with a domestic Indian conference later held in Kanpur in 1925 [c3]. The Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) was founded in 1924, but it was reorganized as the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) in September 1928 at Feroz Shah Kotla, Delhi [c2][t8]. The All-India States People's Conference (AISPC) was established in December 1927 to coordinate political activities in the princely states. The Congress Socialist Party (CSP) was formed much later, in 1934, by leaders like Jayaprakash Narayan and Acharya Narendra Deva within the Indian National Congress to advocate for radical socialist goals [c1][t3]. Therefore, the CPI (1920) precedes the AISPC (1927), HSRA (1928), and CSP (1934).

Sources

1. [1] Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 78: Political Parties > Conditions for Recognition as a State Party > p. 568
2. [2] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 17: Emergence of Swarajists, Socialist Ideas, Revolutionary Activities and Other New Forces > The HSRA > p. 350
3. [3] Politics in India since Independence, Textbook in political science for Class XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 2: Era of One-party Dominance > Communist victory in Kerala > p. 34