The correct answer is option 1, Article 14 of the Constitution of India guarantees equality before the law or equal protection of the laws within the territory of India. Let`s understand the other options to have a better understanding.

Option 2, Article 15: This article prohibits discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth. It ensures the right to equality in matters of access to shops, public restaurants, hotels, and places of public entertainment.

Option 3, Article 16: This article guarantees equality of opportunity in matters of public employment. It prohibits discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, descent, place of birth, or residence.

Option 4, Article 22: This article provides protection to people who are arrested or detained. It includes safeguards such as the right to be informed of the grounds of detention, the right to representation, and the right to be produced before a magistrate within 24 hours.

In conclusion, while all these articles in the Constitution of India address different aspects of equality and protection, it is Article 14 that specifically guarantees equality before the law or equal protection of the laws within the territory of India.