Glycolysis is a biological process that breaks down glucose into simpler molecules. It is the first step in cellular respiration, which is the process by which cells convert glucose into ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the energy currency of the cell.

Option 1: Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert sunlight into glucose and oxygen. Glycolysis is not a part of the photosynthesis process.

Option 2: Aerobic respiration is the process that occurs in the presence of oxygen and involves the complete breakdown of glucose. While glycolysis is a part of aerobic respiration, it also occurs in anaerobic conditions.

Option 3: Anaerobic respiration is the process that occurs in the absence of oxygen. Glycolysis is an essential step in anaerobic respiration.

Option 4: The correct answer is option 4. Glycolysis occurs in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. However, it is important to note that while glycolysis is the same in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration, the subsequent steps differ. In aerobic respiration, glycolysis is followed by the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, whereas in anaerobic respiration, it is followed by