Multiple cropping is the practice of growing more than one crop on a piece of land during the year. It involves growing different crops, with different growth cycles, on the same piece of land at the same time. This allows farmers to make better use of the available resources and maximize the productivity of the land. Each crop has its own growth requirements and harvest time, which can be staggered to ensure a continuous supply of agricultural produce throughout the year. Multiple cropping increases the overall yield of the land and reduces the risk of crop failure. It also helps in soil fertility management and pest control. Therefore, the correct answer is option 2, multiple cropping.