The correct answer is option 4, lymphocytes. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) attacks and destroys a specific type of white blood cell called lymphocytes, particularly a subcategory known as CD4+ T cells. These lymphocytes are a crucial part of the immune system and play a significant role in defending the body against infections and diseases.

When HIV infects and destroys these lymphocytes, it weakens the immune system, making it harder for the body to fight off infections and diseases. This progressive destruction of CD4+ T cells eventually leads to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a condition in which the immune system is severely compromised.

Options 1, 2, and 3 are not correct. Mast cells are involved in allergic reactions and inflammatory responses, platelets are responsible for blood clotting, and erythrocytes are red blood cells involved in oxygen transportation. While HIV may have indirect effects on these cells, it primarily targets and destroys lymphocytes.