The correct answer is option 3, Italy. Fascism was an ideology that emerged in Italy during the early 20th century. It was a totalitarian political system characterized by a strong central government led by a dictator, suppression of political opposition, and the glorification of the nation and the state. The ideology of fascism was developed by Benito Mussolini, who founded the National Fascist Party in Italy in 1921. Mussolini believed in the superiority of the nation and the need for a charismatic leader who could unite the people under a single ideology. The term "fascism" is derived from the Italian word "fascio," which means bundle or group, symbolizing the idea of strength in unity. Fascism gained popularity in Italy during a period of political and economic instability, and it later spread to other countries, including Germany and Japan.