Option 1: Cadmium is a heavy metal that is known to be a potential pollutant. It is often found in industrial waste, emissions from fossil fuel combustion, and certain consumer products. Exposure to cadmium has been linked to various health issues, including kidney disease. Cadmium is toxic to the kidneys and can accumulate in the renal cortex, leading to damage and dysfunction. This heavy metal can impair kidney function by interfering with essential processes, such as the regulation of electrolyte balance and the excretion of waste products. Long-term exposure to cadmium can result in chronic kidney disease, characterized by reduced kidney function and potential complications. Thus, cadmium is a pollutant that can contribute to kidney disease in humans.
Therefore, the correct answer is option 1 - Cadmium.