The correct answer is option 2: convection. Land and sea breezes occur due to convection. Convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of fluid or gas particles. During the day, land heats up faster than water, causing the air above the land to also heat up. This warm air rises and creates a low-pressure area. Meanwhile, the cooler air above the water creates a high-pressure area. The air from the water flows towards the land, creating a sea breeze. At night, the situation reverses. The land cools down faster than the water, causing the air above the land to cool and sink, creating a high-pressure area. The warmer air above the water rises, creating a low-pressure area. This causes the air to flow from the land towards the water, resulting in a land breeze. So, land and sea breezes occur due to the convection of air.