The majority of Earth`s crust is composed of igneous rock, which is formed from solidified lava or magma. Igneous rocks are characterized by their crystalline structure and can be classified into two main types: intrusive and extrusive. Intrusive igneous rocks are formed beneath the Earth`s surface when magma cools and solidifies slowly, allowing for the formation of large mineral crystals. Extrusive igneous rocks are formed on the Earth`s surface when lava cools and solidifies quickly, resulting in smaller mineral crystals. Examples of igneous rocks include granite, basalt, and pumice. While metamorphic, sedimentary, and carbonate rocks also make up a significant portion of the Earth`s crust, igneous rocks are the most abundant.