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In this question, we are given two lists - List I consists of names of scientists, and List II consists of their corresponding laws. We need to match the correct exponent with its respective law.
Option 1: A - 2, B - 3, C - 4, D - 1
According to this option, John Dalton is associated with the Law of definite proportion by volume, Joseph Proust is associated with the Law of multiple proportion, Antoine Lavoisier is associated with the Law of definite proportion by weight, and Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac is associated with the Law of conservation of mass.
This means that the correct exponent-law pairs would be:
A - Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac - Law of conservation of mass
B - John Dalton - Law of definite proportion by volume
C - Joseph Proust - Law of multiple proportion
D - Antoine Lavoisier - Law of definite proportion by weight
Therefore, option 1 is the correct answer.
The given answer is generally correct, but there is no need for an alert.