The correct answer is option 1, which states that a Mediterranean type of climate is characterized by dry summers and wet winters. This climate is typically found in regions bordering the Mediterranean Sea, such as Southern Europe, Northern Africa, and parts of California.

In the summer, these regions experience warm and dry conditions due to high atmospheric pressure, which inhibits rainfall. However, during the winter, the prevailing winds shift and bring in moist air from the ocean, resulting in rain. This pattern of dry summers and wet winters is known as a Mediterranean climate.

Option 2, wet summers and dry winters, is incorrect as it does not accurately describe a Mediterranean climate. Option 3, dry summers and dry winters, is also incorrect as it does not account for the wet winter characteristic. Option 4, wet summers and wet winters, is also inaccurate as it suggests a consistently wet climate throughout the year, which is not characteristic of the Mediterranean type of climate.