Among the given options, the painting style that was not affected by Mughal painting is Option 4: Kalighata.

The Mughal School of Painting was a significant influence on various schools of Indian miniature art, but Kalighata painting stands apart from this influence due to its distinct origin and development.

1. Pahari Painting: Pahari painting refers to the art form that originated in the hilly regions of Himachal Pradesh, Jammu, and Kashmir in northern India. It is heavily influenced by the Mughal style of painting, particularly during the reign of Emperor Akbar. The Pahari painters adopted several techniques and themes from the Mughal school, such as the use of rich colors, naturalistic elements, and intricate detailing. Therefore, Pahari painting was directly affected by Mughal painting.

2. Rajasthani Painting: Rajasthani painting, also known as Rajput painting, flourished in the royal courts of Rajasthan during the 17th and 18th centuries. It encompasses various sub-styles like the Mewar, Marwar, and Bundi schools. Although Rajasthani painting developed independently, it did exhibit some influence from the Mughal school. The Rajasthani artists incorporated certain Mughal techniques, such as the use of perspective and vivid colors. They also depicted Mughal rulers and courtly scenes in their artwork. Therefore, Rajasthani painting was influenced by Mughal painting.

3. Kangra Painting: Kangra painting emerged in the Kangra Valley of Himachal Pradesh, India, during the 18th and 19th centuries. It is renowned for its delicate lines, subtle colors, and lyrical portrayal of Radha-Krishna love legends. While Kangra painting shared some similarities with the Mughal style, it developed its distinct aesthetic and remained largely unaffected by the Mughal influence. Kangra painters focused on capturing the emotions and expressions of their subjects rather than the grandeur and opulence depicted in Mughal art. Therefore, Kangra painting was influenced to a lesser extent by the Mughal school.

4. Kalighata Painting: Kalighata painting refers to the indigenous art form originating in the Kalighat area of Kolkata, West Bengal, during the 19th century. It emerged as a reaction against the decline of the traditional patua (scroll-painting) art and the growing influence of European art. Kalighata painting developed its unique style, which primarily depicted everyday life, social issues, and religious themes. This art form was not influenced by the Mughal school since it originated in a different region and during a different period. Kalighata painting focused on simplified forms, bold lines, and vibrant colors, showcasing the cultural and social milieu of Kolkata. Therefore, Kalighata painting was not affected by the Mughal painting style.

In summary, while Pahari, Rajasthani, and Kangra paintings were influenced by the Mughal School of Painting, Kalighata painting developed independently, making it the option that was not affected by Mughal painting.