The correct answer is option 3, E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker. E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker was a one-time associate of Mahatma Gandhi who later broke off and launched a radical movement called the `self-respect movement`. This movement aimed to uplift the marginalized and oppressed communities in India, particularly the lower castes. Naicker advocated for social justice, equality, and the eradication of caste-based discrimination. He believed in the empowerment of the lower castes through education and self-respect. Naicker`s movement gained significant support and played a crucial role in challenging the oppressive caste system prevalent in India. He is also popularly known as Periyar and is revered as a social reformer and progressive thinker in Tamil Nadu.