The correct answer is option 4: fallen, fallen. This means that the birth rate in India has decreased over the years, and the death rate has also decreased.

When birth rates are high, it means that a larger number of babies are being born, which can lead to population growth. On the other hand, when death rates are high, it means that a larger number of people are dying, which can lead to population decline.

However, in India, both birth rate and death rate have fallen over the years. This indicates that fewer babies are being born, and fewer people are dying. This could be due to factors such as better healthcare, increased access to contraceptives, and improved education and awareness about family planning.

Overall, this decline in both birth rate and death rate suggests a stabilizing population trend in India.