The correct answer is option 3, Apartheid. Apartheid was a policy of racial segregation and discrimination that was enforced by the South African government from 1948 to 1994. The word "apartheid" comes from Afrikaans and means "separateness" or "apartness." Under apartheid, different racial groups in South Africa were separated and treated differently based on their race. This included strict laws that prohibited interracial marriages and sexual relations, restricted the movement of non-white South Africans, and denied them access to certain public facilities and services. Apartheid was widely criticized by the international community for its violation of human rights, and it had a significant impact on the social, economic, and political landscape of South Africa.