The question is based on the following passage : The permanent settlement vested the land ownership right in the zamindars, who previously enjoyed only revenue collecting rights. Therefore, those who lost out in this settlement were the peasants, who were

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Q: 98 (CAPF/2010)
The question is based on the following passage :
The permanent settlement vested the land ownership right in the zamindars, who previously enjoyed only revenue collecting rights. Therefore, those who lost out in this settlement were the peasants, who were left at the mercy of the zamindars. The customary occupancy right was ignored and they were reduced to the status of tenants. The provision of patta, or written agreement between the peasant and the zamindar providing a record of the amount of rent to be paid, was rarely followed by the zamindars. Nor was it liked by the peasants who always feared to lose in any formal record of rights and obligations, The burden of high revenue assessment was thus shifted to the peasants, who were often also called upon to pay illegal cesses. The subsequent regulations of 1799 and 1812 gave the zamindars the right to seize property of the tenants in case of non-payment of rent without any permission of a court of law. It is no wonder, therefore, that as a cumulative effect of this support to the coercive power of the zamindars, the condition of the actual cultivators declined under the Permanent Settlement.
According to the passage, the permanent settlement vested ;

question_subject: 

History

question_exam: 

CAPF

stats: 

0,80,69,60,8,80,1

keywords: 

{'permanent settlement': [0, 0, 2, 5], 'peasants': [0, 0, 1, 1], 'zamindar': [0, 0, 2, 0], 'tenants': [0, 0, 4, 0], 'zamindars': [0, 0, 1, 0], 'land ownership rights': [0, 0, 1, 1], 'land ownership': [0, 0, 3, 0], 'revenue collecting rights': [0, 0, 3, 0], 'peasant': [0, 0, 4, 3], 'customary rights': [0, 0, 1, 0], 'settlement': [1, 1, 6, 3], 'customary occupancy right': [0, 0, 3, 0], 'obligations': [0, 0, 3, 3], 'patta': [0, 0, 3, 0], 'rights': [0, 0, 1, 4], 'rent': [1, 0, 3, 2], 'coercive power': [0, 0, 3, 1]}

The correct answer is option 3: land ownership rights to the zamindars. The passage states that the permanent settlement resulted in the zamindars gaining ownership rights over the land, while previously they only had revenue collecting rights. This means that the zamindars now had full control and ownership over the land, and the peasants became tenants under their authority. The passage also mentions that the provision of patta, or a written agreement between the peasants and the zamindars, which would record the amount of rent to be paid, was rarely followed by the zamindars. This implies that the zamindars did not recognize or respect the peasants` rights and continued to exploit them. Hence, it can be inferred that the land ownership rights were vested in the zamindars. The other options are incorrect because they do not align with the information provided in the passage.